Table 3.

Coefficient estimates for joint models applied to prostate cancer data.

		MM		MMCox		MSM		SMM
Transition	Covariate	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE
0 → 1	Age	0.013	0.019	0.014	0.019	0.012	0.018	0.012	0.018
	log(PSA + 1)	0.424	0.173	0.431	0.172	0.422	0.173	0.422	0.173
	Gleason score	0.740	0.156	0.753	0.159	0.740	0.156	0.741	0.156
	Stage T2–T3	0.798	0.349	0.767	0.349	0.799	0.349	0.796	0.349
	Comorbidities 1–2	0.053	0.302	0.061	0.302	0.054	0.302	0.054	0.301
	Comorbidities ≥3	0.263	0.497	0.271	0.497	0.264	0.496	0.263	0.496
0 → 2	Age	0.077	0.013	0.080	0.013	0.076	0.013	0.076	0.013
	log(PSA + 1)	0.204	0.126	0.193	0.127	0.205	0.125	0.205	0.125
	Gleason score	0.135	0.093	0.174	0.095	0.136	0.093	0.136	0.093
	Stage T2–T3	0.051	0.169	−0.030	0.172	0.051	0.169	0.051	0.169
	Comorbidities 1–2	0.678	0.181	0.700	0.182	0.679	0.181	0.678	0.181
	Comorbidities ≥3	1.426	0.236	1.491	0.238	1.425	0.236	1.425	0.236
1 → 2	Age	0.049	0.024	0.043	0.025	0.050	0.024	0.048	0.023
	log(PSA + 1)	−0.238	0.260	−0.183	0.319	−0.263	0.270	−0.293	0.271
	Gleason score	0.574	0.206	0.612	0.229	0.584	0.209	0.580	0.202
	Stage T2–T3	0.059	0.475	0.207	0.508	0.105	0.488	0.078	0.478
	Comorbidities 1–2	−0.927	0.421	−1.005	0.451	−0.942	0.424	−0.873	0.400
	Comorbidities ≥3	−0.507	0.646	−0.555	0.708	−0.453	0.659	−0.330	0.596
	Time of CF (V)					−0.036	0.089
Log-likelihood			−966.4		−1182		−966.4		−966.1
AIC			1969		2399		1971		1968