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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biom J. 2017 May 16;59(6):1277–1300. doi: 10.1002/bimj.201600235

Table 4.

Coefficient estimates for landmark models applied to prostate cancer data.

LM2 LM3 LM4 LMInt4




Covariate Coef. SE Coef. SE Coef. SE Coef. SE
β(τ) CF 3.317 1.204 2.065 0.279 3.921 1.210 3.406 2.972
CF*τ −0.439 0.427 −0.460 0.409 −0.220 0.374
CF*τ2 0.020 0.034 0.021 0.033 0.006 0.031
ω(τ) CF*(tτ) −0.513 0.190 −0.562 0.175 −0.341 0.188
CF*(tτ)2 0.082 0.051 0.093 0.045 0.062 0.049
θ(τ) τ −0.056 0.018 −0.043 0.019 −0.069 0.023 −0.073 0.022
τ2 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.002
ζ Age 0.080 0.012 0.080 0.012 0.080 0.012 0.082 0.013
log(PSA + 1) 0.227 0.111 0.234 0.110 0.227 0.111 0.246 0.112
Gleason score 0.292 0.091 0.288 0.091 0.289 0.091 0.269 0.094
Stage T2–T3 0.040 0.168 0.054 0.168 0.042 0.167 0.057 0.171
Comorbidities 1–2 0.414 0.171 0.395 0.171 0.420 0.170 0.474 0.174
Comorbidities ≥3 1.214 0.248 1.207 0.247 1.214 0.247 1.230 0.252
ζZ(τ) CF*Age −0.015 0.024
CF*log(PSA + 1) −0.577 0.366
CF*Gleason score 0.336 0.252
CF*Stage T2–T3 0.372 0.655
CF*Comorbidities 1–2 −1.116 0.457
CF*Comorbidities ≥3 −0.148 0.708

Log-likelihood −11,135 −11,143 −11,132 −11,118
AIC 22,292 22,308 22,289 22,273