Table 2.
Changes in Each Outcome Variable After 4 Weeks of CMP Stimulation (N = 11)
| Outcome Variable | Baseline
|
4 Weeks
|
Change
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean Difference | Effect Size | |
| PSQI Global Score | 9.70 | 3.6 | 6.30 | 2.3 | −3.45 | −0.97 |
| PSQI factors | ||||||
| Sleep Efficiency | 1.59 | 0.8 | 1.18 | 0.6 | −0.41 | −0.51 |
| Perceived Sleep Quality | 1.24 | 0.9 | 0.73 | 0.6 | −0.51 | −0.59 |
| Daily Disturbance | 1.41 | 0.4 | 0.86 | 0.5 | −0.55 | −1.25 |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 7.70 | 4.6 | 5.30 | 4.3 | −2.45 | −0.53 |
| Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire | 16.80 | 2.2 | 17.90 | 1.7 | 1.10 | 0.49 |
Note. Standardized effect size for each outcome measure was calculated by dividing the mean difference by the standard deviation at pre-intervention (Becker, 1988). PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SD, standard deviation.