Table 3.
Age- and Multivariable-Adjusted Relative Risks of Skin Cancer Among Women and Men with a History of High Cholesterol, According to Statin use, Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 2000–2010) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS, 2000–2010)
| No. of Cases | Person-Years | Age-Adjusted RR | 95% CI | Multivariable-Adjusted RR* | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal cell carcinoma | ||||||
| NHS | ||||||
| No statin use | 2,646 | 176,403 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 2,426 | 142,548 | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.09 |
| HPFS | ||||||
| No statin use | 742 | 43,444 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 960 | 49,752 | 1.07 | 0.97, 1.18 | 1.07 | 0.97, 1.18 |
| Pooled† | ||||||
| No statin use | 3,388 | 219,847 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 3,386 | 192,300 | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.08 | 1.04 | 0.99, 1.09 |
|
| ||||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | ||||||
| NHS | ||||||
| No statin use | 319 | 177,555 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 267 | 143,489 | 0.99 | 0.84, 1.17 | 1.03 | 0.87, 1.22 |
| HPFS | ||||||
| No statin use | 117 | 44,097 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 170 | 50,561 | 1.15 | 0.91, 1.46 | 1.18 | 0.93, 1.50 |
| Pooled† | ||||||
| No statin use | 436 | 221,652 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 437 | 194,050 | 1.04 | 0.90, 1.20 | 1.08 | 0.94, 1.24 |
|
| ||||||
| Melanoma | ||||||
| NHS | ||||||
| No statin use | 73 | 177,778 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 68 | 143,657 | 1.11 | 0.79, 1.55 | 1.11 | 0.79, 1.56 |
| HPFS | ||||||
| No statin use | 30 | 44,173 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 31 | 50,666 | 0.94 | 0.56, 1.58 | 0.89 | 0.52, 1.50 |
| Pooled† | ||||||
| No statin use | 103 | 221,951 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Statin use | 99 | 194,323 | 1.06 | 0.80, 1.40 | 1.04 | 0.78, 1.38 |
Adjusted for family history of melanoma (yes vs. no), natural hair color (red, blonde, light brown, dark brown, black), number of arm moles (0, 1–2, 3–9, ≥10), sunburn susceptibility as a child/adolescent (none/some redness, burn, painful burn/blisters), number of lifetime blistering sunburns (0, 1–4, 5–9, ≥10), cumulative UV flux since baseline (quintiles), body mass index (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m2), physical activity (quintiles), smoking status (never, past, or current), total energy intake (quintiles), alcohol (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–9.9, 10.0–19.9, ≥20.0 g/d), and citrus intake (quintiles). Analyses for women were also adjusted for menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use.
The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios from each cohort were combined with meta-analytic methods using random effects model.