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. 2018 May 17;8:7758. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25948-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Normalized O K-edge and (b) Zn L_3,2-edge XANES spectra with photon helicity of incident X-rays parallel (μ₊) and anti-parallel (μ₋) to direction of magnetization for ZnO-C:NW and ZnO-NW. Upper inset in Fig. 4(a) displays magnified O K-edge XANES spectra; lower panels in Fig. 4(a,b) display O K-edge and Zn L_3,2-edge XMCD spectra of ZnO-C:NW and ZnO-NW. (c) C K-edge XANES spectra of ZnO-C:NW. Upper inset magnified view C K-edge near-edge spectra of ZnO-C:NW. Lower panel displays C K-edge XMCD spectra of ZnO-C:NW.