Table 2.
Table of evidence of diagnostic performance of PMMRI in foetuses, neonates and paediatric patients
| Author (ref) | Year | Study design | Anatomical system | Outcome parameter | Foetuses < 24 weeks of gestation | Foetuses > 24 weeks of gestation | Neonates and children | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (95%CI) | Specificity (95%CI) | Sensitivity (95%CI) | Specificity (95%CI) | Sensitivity (95%CI) | Specificity (95%CI) | |||||
| Arthurs [23] | 2016 | Prospective (MaRIAS) | General | Main diagnosis or cause of death | 40 (23–59) | 100 (61–100) | 50 (24–76) | 100 (68–100) | 50 (29–71) | 100 (74–100) |
| Any lesion (cardiac, thoracic, neurologic, abdominal or skeletal) | 58 (39–76) | 88 (81–93) | 79 (57–92) | 92 (83–96) | 70 (55–82) | 84 (76–90) | ||||
| Cardio-vascular | Cardiac lesions | 100 (44–100) | 86 (69–94) | 100 (44–100) | 100 (80–100) | 63 (31–86) | 95 (77–99) | |||
| Non-cardiac thoracic | Non-cardiac thoracic lesions | 20 (4–62) | 96 (78–99) | 67 (21–94) | 87 (62–96) | 47 (26–69) | 50 (25–75) | |||
| Neurological | Neurologic lesions | 83 (44–97) | 52 (32–72) | 75 (41–93) | 70 (40–89) | 100 (76–100) | 77 (53–90) | |||
| Abdominal | Abdominal lesions | 40 (12–77) | 100 (86–100) | 100 (51–100) | 93 (69–99) | 100 (34–100) | 82 (63–92) | |||
| Musculo-skeletal | Skeletal lesions | 60 (23–88) | 100 (88–100) | 0 (0–79) | 100 (82–100) | 100 (21–100) | 96 (82–99) | |||
| Taylor [25] | 2014 | Prospective (MaRIAS) | Cardio-vascular | Structural and non-structural heart diseases | 82 (59–94) | 96 (91–98) | 83 (44–97) | 94 (87–97) | 62 (41–79) | 98 (93–100) |
| Structural heart defects (major and minor) | 83 (61–94) | 97 (92–99) | 100 (57–100) | 93 (85–98) | 100 (77–100) | 98 (94–100) | ||||
| Major structural heart defects | 87 (62–96) | 99 (95–100) | 100 (51–100) | 99 (94–100) | 100 (68–100) | 100 (97–100) | ||||
| Votino [26] | 2012 | Prospective (High-field MRI, 9.4 T) | Cardio-vascular | Abnormalities of the four-chamber view | 67 (30–92) | 80 (52–95) | ||||
| Outflow-tract-abnormalities | 75 (20–96) | 100 (83–100) | ||||||||
| Abnormalities of the aortic arch | 100a | 100a | ||||||||
| Abnormalities of the systemic veins | 100a | 100a | ||||||||
| Arthurs [27] | 2014 | Prospective (MaRIAS) | Non-cardiac thoracic | Non-cardiac thoracic abnormalities | 30 (17–47) | 96 (91–98) | 38 (19–61) | 88 (79–94) | 45 (33–58) | 61 (48–72) |
| Arthurs [28] | 2015 | Prospective (MaRIAS) | Neurological | Ischaemic brain injury | NA | 100 (97–100) | 30 (11–60) | 90 (81–95) | 93 (70–99) | 95 (89–98) |
| Major intracranial bleed | 100 (21–100) | 99 (95–97) | 100 (21–100) | 100 (96–100) | 100 (82–100) | 99 (95–100) | ||||
| Minor intracranial bleed | 100 (21–100) | 87 (80–91) | 80 (38–96) | 99 (93–100) | 100 (44–100) | 98 (94–100) | ||||
| Brain malformations | 86 (69–94) | 90 (83–94) | 90 (60–98) | 96 (87–99) | 100 (57–100) | 100 (97–100) | ||||
| Overall brain pathology | 87 (71–95) | 69 (60–77) | 71 (53–84) | 77 (64–86) | 98 (90–100) | 81 (70–89) | ||||
| Arthurs [29] | 2015 | Prospective (MaRIAS) | Abdominal | Abdominal abnormalities | 77 (61–88) | 95 (90–98) | 65 (41–83) | 89 (80–95) | 71 (47–87) | 87 (79–92) |
| Arthurs [30] | 2014 | Prospective (MaRIAS) | Musculo-skeletal | Skeletal abnormalities | 69 (50–84) | 100 (97–100) | 17 (3–56) | 98 (92–99) | 31 (13–58) | 96 (91–99) |
aWhen visualisation was possible