Table 3.
Characteristics of studies
| Author | Population studied | Sample size | Age range (y) | Technique | Parameters measured | Standardisation of images | Normalisation | Quality of the study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lopez et al. [4] | US American and Canadian | 3215 | 0–18 | 2D | LVEDD, IVSd, LVPWd, LV length, LV area, LV volume, LVM | ASE | BSA (Haycock) | Good |
| Gokhroo et al. [5] | Indian | 746 | 4–15 | M mode/2D | LVEDD, LVESD, IVSd, IVSs, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA length | ASE | BSA (Haycock) | Good |
| Majonga et al. [6] | Zimbabwean (Black) | 282 | 6–16 | M mode | LVEDD, LVESD, IVSd, IVSs, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA | ASE | BSA (Dubois) | Good |
| Foster et al. [7] | US Americans and Canadian | 1710 | 5–18 | M mode/2D | LVM | ASE | Lean body mass | Good |
| Chinali et al. [8] | Italian and German (Caucasians) | 400 | 0–18 | M mode/2D | LVM | ASE | Height | Good |
| Cantinotti et al. [9] | Italian (Caucasians) | 1091 | 0–17 | M mode/2D | LVED area, LVES area, LVED length, LVES length, LVEDD, LVESD, LA length, LA area | ASE | BSA (Haycock) | Good |
| Oran et al. [10] | Turkish | 1200 | 0–17 | M mode/2D | LVEDD, LVESD, IVSd, LVPWd, LA | ASE | Weight | Good |
| Motz et al. [11] | German | 9858 | 0–19 | M mode/2D | LVEDD, LVESD, IVSd, LVPWd | ASE | Body length | Acceptable |
| Bhatla et al. [12] | US American | 300 | 0–18 | 2D | LA volume | ASE | BSA (Haycock) | Acceptable |
| Kervancioglu et al. [13] | Turkish | 208 | 0–14 | M mode/2D | LVM | ASE | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Taggart et al. [14] | US American | 522 | 0–17 | 2D | LA volume, LA volume index | ASE | Age | Acceptable |
| Khoury et al. [15] | US American | 2273 | 0–18 | M mode/2D | LVM and LVMI | ASE | Age | Good |
| Pettersen et al. [16] | US American | 782 | 0–18 | 2D/M-mode | IVSd, IVSs, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA | ASE | BSA (Dubois) | Good |
| Foster et al. [17] | US American & Canadian | 440 | 0–17 | M mode | LVM | ASE | Height | Good |
| Poutanen et al. [18] | Finnish | 169 | 2–27 | M mode/2D/3D | LVM | ASE | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Bonatto et al. [19] | Brazilian (Blacks and whites) | 595 | 0–12 | M mode | LVEDD, IVSd, LVPWd, LA, LVM, LVMI | ASE | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Overbeek et al. [20] | Netherlands (Dutch) | 587 | 0–18 | M mode | LVEDD, LVESD, IVSd, LVPWd | ASE | Weight | Acceptable |
| Poutanen et al. [21] | Finnish | 169 | 2–27 | 3D | LA volumes, LVEDV, LVESV | Other | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Brangenberg et al. [22] | German | 150 | 0–14.5 | Acoustic quantification | LV volume and area | ASE | Age/HR | Good |
| Kampmann et al. [23] | German (Whites) | 2036 | 0–18 | M mode | IVSd, IVSs, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA | ASE/ESC | BSA (Dubois) | Good |
| Daubeney et al. [24] | British + Australian | 125 | 0–18 | 2D | LV inflow, LV area | Other (inner edge to inner edge) | BSA (Boyd) | Good |
| Daniels et al. [25] | US American (Blacks and Whites) | 192 | 7–17 | M mode | LVM | ASE | Height/lean body mass/BSA (NR) | Acceptable |
| Huwez et al. [26] | British | 127 | 0–19 | M mode | IVSd, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LA, LVM, LV volume | ASE & Penn convention | Age/BSA (Dubois) | Good |
| Malcolm et al. [27] | US American | 904 | 6–16 | M mode | LVM | ASE | Age/height | Good |
| Nidorf et al. [28] | US American | 196 | 0–18 | 2D | LV diameter, LV length, LA diameter | Other (inner edge to inner edge) | Height | Acceptable |
| Vogel et al. [29] | German | 95 | 1–17 | 2D | LVM, LV volume | ASE | BSA (NR) | Acceptable |
| Pearlman et al. [30] | US American | 268 | 0–18 | 2D | LA diameters, LA volume | Other (inner edge to inner edge) | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Pearlman et al. [31] | US American | 268 | 0–18 | 2D | LV length, LV area | Other (inner edge to inner edge) | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Hanseus et al. [32] | Swedish | 120 | 0–16 | 2D | LA length, area and width, LV diameter, area and width | Other (trailing edge to leading edge) | BSA (NR) | Acceptable |
| Daniels at al [33] | US American (Blacks and Whites) | 334 | 6–23 | M mode | LVMI | ASE | Height/BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Akiba et al. [34] | Japanese | 110 | 0–15 | M mode | LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LVPWs, LV volume | Other (inner to inner edge) | BSA (Haycock) | Acceptable |
| Voogd et al. [35] | Netherlands (Dutch) | 432 | 4–17 | M mode | IVSd, IVSs, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA | Other (leading edge of echoes) | Weight | Good |
| Henry et al. [36] | US America | 92 | 0–23 | M mode | LVEDD, LVESD, IVSd, IVSs, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA | ASE | Weight/BSA (NR) | Acceptable |
| Saito et al. [37] | Japanese | 301 | 6–15 | M mode | LV muscle volume | Other (Standard & Penn convention) | Age/BSA (West Nomogram) | Acceptable |
| Henry et al. [38] | US American (Caucasians, Blacks and Oriental) | 105 | 0–23 | M mode | IVSd, IVSs, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA, LVM | Other | BSA (Dubois) | Acceptable |
| Epstein et al. [39] | US American (Whites, Blacks, Oriental/East Indians) | 205 | 0–18 | M mode | IVSd, IVSs, LVEDD, LVESD, LVPWd, LVPWs, LA | Other | BSA (NR) | Acceptable |
M-mode motion mode, 2D two-dimensional, 3D three-dimensional, US United States, M-mode motion mode, BSA body surface area, LV left ventricle, LVEDD left ventricular diameter at end-diastole, LVESD left ventricular diameter at end-systole, LVEDV left ventricular volume at end-diastole, LVESV left ventricular volume at end-systole, IVSd interventricular septum at end-diastole, IVSs interventricular septum at end-systole, LVPWd left ventricular posterior wall at end-diastole, LVPWs left ventricular posterior wall at end-systole, LVM left ventricular mass, LVMI left ventricular mass index, LA left atrium, HR heart rate, NR not reported