Figure 1.
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) transwell co-culture model HT-29 cells (IECs) cultured in transwells were apically exposed to synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in the presence or absence of either short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS) or scFOS/lcFOS. Simultaneously, 3 × 106 peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the basolateral compartment were either stimulated aspecifically for 24 h with aCD3/CD28, or for 6 days with peanut extract. Basolateral cytokine production and T cell polarization were measured. After 24 h, the insert of the aspecific model was transferred to a new plate with fresh medium, to measure production of galectin-9 by IECs. The contribution of dectin-1 and galectin-9 in the peanut-specific model was investigated by either neutralizing dectin-1 with an antibody on the apical side, or by neutralizing galectin-9 with TIM-3-Fc on the basolateral side.