Table 3.

Qualitative action codes related to anatomical identification used by novices and experts during the simulation events.

Number	Action Code	Number of Events with Action Codes		Chi-squared Analysis
		Expert ($n=70$)	Novice ($n=77$)	$X^2$	$p$-value
AC1	Identify imaging plane	10	12	0.048	0.827
AC2	Identify anatomical structures	65	77	5.653	0.017
AC3	Nonverbalization	21	17	1.192	0.275
AC4	Emphasizes substructures of organs	25	13	6.737	0.009
AC5	Physical contact with the mannequin	4	11	2.926	0.087
AC6	Uses an external landmark to describe location	24	26	0.004	0.947
AC7	Shape, size or amount of organ	28	51	10.079	0.0015
AC8	Expresses the importance of adjacent anatomy	9	18	2.688	0.101
AC9	Location within an organ	31	29	0.663	0.416
AC10	Use of incorrect terminology	6	33	21.967	$<0.0001$
AC11	Use of descriptive cues (nonanatomic)—“color, blobs, patterns”	7	18	4.619	0.032