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. 2016 Sep 19;27(6):1615–1633. doi: 10.1177/0962280216666111

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© The Author(s) 2016

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 9. — Simulation results – measurement error present.

All data generated using simplex models and 1500 repetitions for each sample size, allowing for measurement error (ME), but not for measurement error covariances representing unmeasured confounding (Conf). MSE: mean square error; Control: generated and analysed allowing for ME only when only ME present: Allow for ME & Conf: analysed allowing for both ME and Conf when only ME present; Allow for neither: analysed without allowing for ME or Conf when only ME present.