Table 5.
Pulmonary function test findings in relation to sex, age, duration of hookah smoking, number of the water-pipe smoking per day, and respiratory symptoms in the exposed group of hookah.
| Variable | Number of exposed group of hookah smoke (245 patients) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with obstructive pulmonary dysfunction (%) 25 (10.2%) | Number of patients without obstructive pulmonary dysfunction (%) 220 (89.8%) | |||
| Sex | Male | 20 (80%) | 128 (58.2%) | 0.026 |
| Female | 5 (20%) | 92 (41.8%) | ||
| Mean age (years) | 55.92 | 47.41 | <0.001 | |
| Mean duration of hookah smoking (years) | 36.24 | 26.73 | <0.001 | |
| Number of hookah smoking episodes | <3/day | 2 (8%) | 78 (35.5%) | 0.006 |
| ≥3/day | 23 (92%) | 142 (64.5%) | ||
| Duration of cough | <2 years | 5 (20%) | 29 (59.2%) | 0.002 |
| ≥2 years | 20 (80%) | 20 (40.8%) | ||
| Duration of sputum | <2 years | 5 (27.8%) | 14 (63.6%) | 0.031 |
| ≥2 years | 13 (72.2%) | 8 (36.4%) | ||
| Duration of dyspnea | <2 years | 13 (24%) | 219 (99.5%) | 0.001 |
| ≥2 years | 19 (76%) | 1 (0.5%) | ||