Table 3.
Patient Demographics, Hospital Characteristics, and Outcomes for PCF in the Treatment of CSMa.
| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of PCFs | 830 | 1017 | 989 | 1109 | 1182 | 1666 | 1454 | 1919 | 2228 | 2155 | 2416 | |
| Age* | 61.8 | 62.2 | 62.4 | 61.6 | 62.6 | 62.4 | 63.0 | 62.7 | 63.8 | 63.5 | 63.3 | <.01 |
| Female* | 306 (36.9) | 426 (41.9) | 407 (41.3) | 453 (40.9) | 480 (40.6) | 676 (40.6) | 542 (37.3) | 812 (42.3) | 855 (38.4) | 891 (41.3) | 1014 (42.0) | <.01 |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White* | 474 (57.1) | 596 (58.6) | 587 (59.4) | 597 (53.8) | 640 (54.1) | 962 (57.7) | 901 (62.0) | 1256 (65.5) | 1484 (66.6) | 1507 (69.9) | 1643 (68.0) | <.01 |
| Black | 111 (13.4) | 111 (10.9) | 93 (9.4) | 142 (12.8) | 117 (9.9) | 204 (12.2) | 168 (11.6) | 284 (14.8) | 370 (16.6) | 315 (14.6) | 392 (16.2) | .17 |
| Other | 62 (7.5) | 58 (5.7) | 71 (7.2) | 90 (8.1) | 127 (10.7) | 136 (8.2) | 172 (11.8) | 172 (9.0) | 265 (11.9) | 232 (10.8) | 237 (9.8) | .16 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||||||
| 0** | 196 (23.6) | 227 (22.3) | 191 (19.3) | 194 (17.5) | 186 (15.7) | 262 (15.7) | 185 (12.7) | 261 (13.6) | 264 (11.8) | 233 (10.8) | 268 (11.1) | <.001 |
| 1** | 267 (32.2) | 307 (30.2) | 250 (25.3) | 274 (24.7) | 286 (24.2) | 383 (23.0) | 355 (24.4) | 433 (22.6) | 480 (21.5) | 479 (22.2) | 488 (20.2) | <.001 |
| 2 | 201 (24.2) | 242 (23.8) | 262 (26.5) | 270 (24.3) | 308 (26.1) | 413 (24.8) | 352 (24.2) | 427 (22.3) | 513 (23.0) | 467 (21.7) | 587 (24.3) | .86 |
| 3+** | 166 (20.0) | 241 (23.7) | 286 (28.9) | 371 (33.5) | 402 (34.0) | 608 (36.5) | 562 (38.7) | 798 (41.6) | 971 (43.6) | 976 (45.3) | 1073 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Insurance | ||||||||||||
| Private | 298 (35.9) | 373 (36.7) | 384 (38.8) | 434 (39.1) | 426 (36.0) | 579 (34.8) | 514 (35.4) | 652 (34.0) | 741 (33.3) | 686 (31.8) | 793 (32.8) | .15 |
| Medicare | 417 (50.2) | 503 (49.5) | 476 (48.1) | 545 (49.1) | 583 (49.3) | 825 (49.5) | 715 (49.2) | 965 (50.3) | 1176 (52.8) | 1167 (54.2) | 1258 (52.1) | .38 |
| Medicaid | 55 (6.6) | 66 (6.5) | 71 (7.2) | 70 (6.3) | 82 (6.9) | 133 (8.0) | 106 (7.3) | 135 (7.0) | 154 (6.9) | 147 (6.8) | 190 (7.9) | .32 |
| Uninsured | 10 (1.2) | 25 (2.5) | 14 (1.4) | 12 (1.1) | 25 (2.1) | 35 (2.1) | 28 (1.9) | 45 (2.3) | 38 (1.7) | 45 (2.1) | 49 (2.0) | .14 |
| Academic hospital | 605 (72.9) | 778 (76.5) | 609 (61.6) | 832 (75.0) | 851 (72.0) | 1213 (72.8) | 1010 (69.5) | 1261 (65.7) | 1612 (72.4) | 1543 (71.6) | 1767 (73.1) | .92 |
| Hospital size | ||||||||||||
| Small | 53 (6.4) | 79 (7.8) | 79 (8.0) | 134 (12.1) | 145 (12.3) | 64 (3.8) | 113 (7.8) | 197 (10.3) | 189 (8.5) | 186 (8.6) | 217 (9.0) | .17 |
| Medium | 177 (21.3) | 164 (16.1) | 168 (17.0) | 204 (18.4) | 189 (16.0) | 306 (18.4) | 322 (22.1) | 347 (18.1) | 351 (15.8) | 424 (19.7) | 540 (22.4) | .85 |
| Large | 600 (72.3) | 774 (76.1) | 742 (75.0) | 771 (69.5) | 848 (71.7) | 1296 (77.8) | 1000 (68.8) | 1352 (70.5) | 1654 (74.2) | 1545 (71.7) | 1659 (68.7) | .41 |
| Hospital region | ||||||||||||
| Northeast | 172 (20.7) | 183 (18.0) | 198 (20.0) | 236 (21.3) | 202 (17.1) | 354 (21.2) | 298 (20.5) | 386 (20.1) | 426 (19.1) | 428 (19.9) | 499 (20.7) | .87 |
| Midwest | 139 (16.7) | 215 (21.1) | 280 (28.3) | 222 (20.0) | 242 (20.5) | 352 (21.1) | 354 (24.3) | 395 (20.6) | 448 (20.1) | 517 (24.0) | 523 (21.6) | .38 |
| South | 428 (51.6) | 460 (45.2) | 356 (36.0) | 460 (41.5) | 506 (42.8) | 677 (40.6) | 492 (33.8) | 707 (36.8) | 829 (37.2) | 726 (33.7) | 873 (36.1) | .06 |
| West | 91 (11.0) | 159 (15.6) | 155 (15.7) | 191 (17.2) | 232 (19.6) | 283 (17.0) | 310 (21.3) | 431 (22.5) | 525 (23.6) | 484 (22.5) | 521 (21.6) | .05 |
| Mortality* | 9 (1.1) | 12 (1.2) | 10 (1.0) | 9 (0.8) | 10 (0.8) | 11 (0.7) | 11 (0.8) | 13 (0.7) | 17 (0.8) | 11 (0.5) | 8 (0.3) | <.01 |
| LOS | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 5.8 | .19 |
| Hospital charge, $ (inflated to 2013)** | 72 208 | 77 783 | 86 688 | 92 448 | 104 692 | 113 838 | 125 357 | 128 851 | 140 303 | 131 509 | 134 895 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: PCF, posterior cervical fusion; CSM, cervical spondylotic myelopathy; LOS, length of stay; NIS, National Inpatient Sample.
aAll data is from the NIS and include patients over 18 years of age who underwent PCF in the treatment of CSM from 2003 to 2013. Data is expressed as a raw value with the percentage in parentheses. Data from 2003 was compared with 2013 for a single category to determine statistical significance.
*Denotes statistical significance at P < .01. **Denotes statistical significance at P < .001.