Sal pretreatment downregulates apoptosis in ConA-induced liver injury. (A) Relative mRNA levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9. (B and C) Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9. (D) Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Bcl-2 and Bax (original magnification, ×200). The ratio of brown area to total area was analyzed with Image-Pro Plus software 6.0. (E) TUNEL staining indicated apoptotic cells in the four groups at 8 h after ConA injection (original magnification, ×200). The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells was determined by Image-Pro Plus software 6.0. Data are presented as the mean + standard deviation (n=6). *P<0.05 vs. NC; #P<0.05 vs. ConA (25 mg/kg); †P<0.05 vs. Sal (10 mg/kg) + ConA (25 mg/kg). Sal, salidroside; ConA, concanavalin A; NC, negative control; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; Bax, Bcl-2-associated X protein.