Effect of Shh on JNK activity, and of JNK inhibition on cell proliferation and hedgehog signaling-related gene expression. (A) Fibroblasts were treated with Shh, HG and HG+Shh, and p-JNK and total t-JNK levels were measured using western blotting. GAPDH was utilized as an internal control. (B) Fibroblasts were treated with Shh, sp600125, and HG+sp600125, and cell proliferation was monitored. Significant differences are marked with *P<0.05, sp60012 and Shh vs. LG; Shh+sp60012 vs. Shh. (C) SMO, Ptch1, and Gli1 expression was analyzed following treatment with sp600125. *P<0.05 vs. con. Shh, Sonic hedgehog, JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; HG, high glucose concentration (35 mM); con, low glucose as the control group; p, phosphorylated; t, total; SMO, Smoothened; Ptch1, Patched1; Gli1, zinc finger protein Gli1; OD, optical density.