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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Sep 26.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Photonics. 2018 Mar 26;12(4):195–201. doi: 10.1038/s41566-018-0134-3

Figure 1. Working principle of OTENT.

Figure 1

a, Surface charge modification of a metal nanoparticle by CTAC adsorption. b, Formation of CTAC micelles. c, Schematic view of a Cl- ion. d, Dispersion of a single metal particle and multiple ions in the solution without optical heating. e, Thermophoretic migration of the ions under optical heating. f, Steady ionic distribution under optical heating generates a thermoelectric field ET for trapping the metal nanoparticle. The repulsive electric field Er arises from the positive charge of the thermoplasmoic substrate and balances ET. g, Simulated in-plane temperature gradient and direction of the corresponding trapping force. h, Simulated out-of-plane temperature gradient and direction of the corresponding trapping force. The incident laser beam in (e-h) has a diameter of 2 μm and an optical power of 0.216 mW. The green arrows in (g, h) show the direction of the trapping force.