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. 2018 Apr 25;91(2):238–241. doi: 10.15386/cjmed-887

Table II.

Masaoka-Koga staging system of thymoma.

STAGE DESCRIPTION
I Macroscopically completely encapsulated and microscopically no capsular invasion.
II Macroscopic invasion into surrounding fatty tissue or mediastinal pleura
Microscopic invasion into pleura
III Macroscopic invasion into neighboring organs (pericardium, great vessel, or lung)
IV Pleural or pericardial dissemination
Lymphogenous or hematogenous metastasis