Table 3.
Adjusted ordered logistic regressions of the number of total emergency department or inpatient encounters in relation to substance use and mental health diagnoses among high-risk diabetes patients: EHR data.
| High-risk diabetes patients (Risk score within the top 10%) Behavioral health diagnosis |
The number of total emergency department or inpatient encounters Mean (95% CI) |
Ordered logistic regression modela (N = 262) AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Substance use disorder (tobacco, alcohol, drug), any | ||
| Yes | 16.27 (13.59–18.95) | 3.65 (2.25–5.91) |
| No | 9.34 (7.51–11.16) | Reference |
| Number of substance use disordersb | ||
| 2 or more substance use disorder | 18.89 (14.94–22.84) | 6.71 (3.57–12.62) |
| 1 substance use disorder | 13.77 (10.21–17.32) | 2.36 (1.35–4.10) |
| None | 9.34 (7.51–11.16) | Reference |
| Tobacco use disorder | ||
| Yes | 15.76 (12.93–18.60) | 2.76 (1.70–4.47) |
| No | 10.73 (8.77–12.69) | Reference |
| Alcohol use disorder | ||
| Yes | 16.06 (12.87–19.25) | 4.62 (2.15–9.92) |
| No | 12.20 (10.37–14.03) | Reference |
| Cannabis use disorderc | ||
| Yes | 19.88 (14.72–25.03) | 4.00 (1.48–10.81) |
| No | 12.22 (10.51–13.93) | Reference |
| Cocaine use disorder | ||
| Yes | 20.53 (16.60–24.47) | 6.16 (2.94–12.89) |
| No | 11.60 (9.84–13.36) | Reference |
| Opioid/heroin use disorder | ||
| Yes | 20.09 (11.19–28.99) | 2.70 (1.21–6.02) |
| No | 11.98 (10.40–13.55) | Reference |
| Mood disorder | ||
| Yes | 14.89 (12.82–16.96) | 2.67 (1.63–4.35) |
| No | 10.17 (7.60–12.74) | Reference |
| Anxiety disorder | ||
| Yes | 18.05 (15.09–21.00) | 4.50 (2.61–7.76) |
| No | 10.08 (8.20–11.96) | Reference |
| Sleep disorder | ||
| Yes | 16.39 (13.12–19.65) | 2.07 (1.28–3.33) |
| No | 10.48 (8.78–12.19) | Reference |
Based on electronic health record (EHR) data collected between 01/01/2012 and 06/30/2016. One patient with unknown marital status was excluded from the analysis. AOR: Adjusted odds ratio. CI: Confidence interval. Bold face: p < 0.05.
Each ordered logistic regression model of ED/inpatient encounters in relation to a behavioral health diagnosis controlled for age on 01/01/2012, sex, race/ethnicity, employment, and marital status variables. Dependent variable was a 4-category variable of the number of total ED or inpatient encounters, representing four quartiles of the distribution (0–3, 4–9, 10–18, 19–108 encounters).
The number of substance use disorders counted tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, opioid/heroin, and other drug use disorders.
Age groups 50–64 and ≥65 years were combined into one category and retired and other/unknown employment status were combined into one category due to a small sample size.