Figure 11.

The adaptability of microfluidics to address challenges for in vitro studies of brain cancer immunotherapies.^[176] The complexity of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a large challenge for developing and studying models of immunotherapies with the presence of the BBB, unique immune cell interactions and recruitment, and the rampant angiogenesis associated with glioma growth. Major limitations for immunotherapy against brain tumors include the lymph and blood vessels restraining T-cell interactions with the targeted cancer cells, which severely lessens the ability of T cells to both destroy the glioma cells and limits T-cell proliferation in the area of the tumor. 3D microfluidic models that address these key parts of the TME can aid in tailoring immunotherapies for both successful delivery and targeting of cancer cells without adverse effects for healthy tissue.