Table 2.

Microfluidic technologies for GBM.

Device type	Method	Application	Ref.
CTC isolation	Tumor antigen-independent CTC enrichment	Preclinical research	[57]
CTC isolation	Anti-EGFR aptamer-based CTC enrichment	Preclinical research	[62]
CTC isolation	Anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) CTC enrichment	Preclinical research	[63]
Systems pathology	Microfluidic image cytometry for single-cell analysis	Preclinical research	[68]
Profiling circulating EVs	Target-specific magnetic nanoparticles combined with NMR	Preclinical research	[80,81]
Profiling circulating EVs	Immunoaffinity for EV isolation	Preclinical research	[78b]
Drug resistance monitoring	pH sensors for monitoring cell metabolism	Preclinical research	[85]
High-throughput drug screening	Spheroid culture system with multidrug administration and parallel testing of drug response	Preclinical research	[86]
Chemosensitivity testing	Parallel drug dosing in brain slice culture models	Preclinical research	[73]
Induction of drug resistance in culture	Microcompartments enabling exposure to ranges of drug and nutrients in culture	Preclinical research	[94]
Microfluidic BBB model	Endothelial and astrocyte co-culture within specialized microfluidic device	Preclinical research	[100,102,103]
Microfluidic BBB model	Endothelial and astrocyte co-culture within microfluidic device, with hollow fibers as artificial capillaries	Preclinical research	[101]
ECM regulation of invasion	Matrix stiffness and pore size are varied within microfluidic device	Preclinical research	[134]
Distance dependence on cell–cell interactions	Multiplex, quantitative protein assay within a microchip	Preclinical research	[136]