Curcumin strengthened the UPR process to overcome ER stress after DAI by the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. (a) The expression levels of p-PERK, ATF4, and CHOP were measured by western blotting in each group. The expression of β-actin was used as an internal control. (b) The bar graphs show the results for p-PERK, ATF4, and CHOP expression, as assessed by western blotting in each group. Values are presented as the mean±SD (n=4; *P<0.05, compared with the control group; #P<0.05, compared with the DAI+vehicle group). (c) Double immunofluorescence staining was performed with an antibody against Nrf2 and another against p-PERK in each group. Scale bar=100 μm. (d) Double immunofluorescence staining was performed with an antibody against CHOP and another against ATF4 in each group. Scale bar=100 μm. (e) The bar graphs show the results for the numbers of p-PERK/Nrf2 copositive cells in each group. Values are presented as the mean±SD (n=4; *P<0.05, compared with the control group; #P<0.05, compared with the DAI+vehicle group). The bar graphs show the results for the numbers of CHOP/ATF4 copositive cells in each group. Values are presented as the mean±SD (n=4; *P<0.05, compared with the control group; #P<0.05, compared with the DAI+vehicle group). CUR, curcumin; DAI, diffuse axonal injury.