Table 2.

Cox hazard ratio estimates for distance from ART clinic, sex, education, and wealth pre-ART and post-ART

	Pre-ART (2006–2008)		Post-ART (2008–2012)
	Estimate	95% CI	Estimate	95% CI
Distance to ART clinic
8 kilometers or more	ref		ref
fewer than 8 kilometers	1.06	[0.79, 1.41]	0.77*	[0.62, 0.97]
Sex
Female	ref		ref
Male	1.74**	[1.34, 2.26]	1.42**	[1.16, 1.73]
Education
Fewer than five years of
schooling	ref		ref
Five or more years of schooling	0.97	[0.72, 1.30]	0.86	[0.68, 1.10]
Wealth quantile
1st	ref		ref
2nd	0.70+	[0.48, 1.03]	0.78	[0.58, 1.06]
3rd	0.76	[0.52, 1.10]	0.72*	[0.52, 0.98]
4th	0.77	[0.52, 1.14]	0.75+	[0.54, 1.03]
5th	0.58*	[0.38, 0.90]	0.75+	[0.54, 1.05]

Notes: Analyses additionally control for region and age, and they account for clustering within household.

⁺p < 0.10

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01