Table 1.

Participant Characteristics by Sex and Measurement Visit

Variable	Girls					Boys
	Age 11 years (n =182)	Age 13 years (n =150)	Age 15 years (n =142)	Age 17 years (n =137)	Age 19 years (n =124)	Age 11 years (n =167)	Age 13 years (n = 138)	Age 15 years (n =124)	Age 17 years (n =107)	Age 19 years (n =94)
Age (years)	11.2 ± 0.3	13.3 ± 04	15.3 ± 0.3c	17.5 ± 0.4	19.8 ± 0.7	11.2 ± 0.3	13.3 ± 0.4	15.4 ± 0.3	17.6 ± 0.4	19.7 ± 0.7
VAT (cm2)	31.4 ± 27.0a	33.9 ± 28.5a	36.9 ± 24.1a	44.4 ± 28.7b	50.2 ± 36.9c	45.8 ± 19.4	48.3 ± 21.6	48.8 ± 21.3	56.0 ± 24.0	62.5 ± 29.2
SAT (cm2)	203.4 ± 111.3a	221.1 ± 129.3a	245.4 ± 127.9a	282.1 ± 147.4a	307.4 ± 162.4a	129.4 ± 106.1	139.9 ± 125.6	131.4 ± 120.4	146.0 ± 126.3	170.9 ± 123.4
Percent body fat	27.1 ± 7.3c	25.5 ± 7.6a	26.7 ± 6.9a	28.9 ± 7.2a	32.5 ± 7.5a	24.5 ± 7.9	21.4 ± 8.7	17.6 ± 7.4	17.2 ± 7.1	20.4 ± 6.4
% Obese	12.1%	12.0%	12.0%	12.4%	16.9%	16.8%	15.9%	15.3%	13.1%	21.3%
Arm lean mass (kg)	1.5 ± 0.3a	1.9 ± 0.3a	2.0 ± 0.3a	2.0 ± 0.4a	2.1 ± 0.4a	1.6 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.5	3.1 ± 0.6	3.5 ± 0.7	3.7 ± 0.7
Leg lean mass (kg)	5.0 ± 1.0c	6.4 ± 1.1a	7.0 ± 1.2a	7.3 ± 1.3a	7.3 ± 1.6a	5.3 ± 1.0	7.3 ± 1.4	9.4 ± 1.6	10.4 ± 1.7	10.4 ± 1.8
Whole-body lean mass (kg)	27.2 ± 5.6c	35.0 ± 6.0a	38.5 ± 5.8a	40.6 ± 6.7a	41.0 ± 8.0a	28.9 ± 5.6	39.3 ± 7.5	50.9 ± 8.7	57.1 ± 9.0	58.8 ± 9.4
Height (cm)	148.8 ± 6.9	160.5 ± 5.9c	164.5 ± 6.1a	165.7 ± 6.1a	166.2 ± 6.3a	149.2 ± 7.5	163.3 ± 8.9	175.2 ± 7.7	179.1 ± 7.7	180.4 ± 7.8
Achieved physical maturityd	16.5%a	98.7%a	100.0%	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%	30.4%	97.6%	100.0%	100.0%
Physical activity level score	2.8 ± 0.7	2.6 ± 0.7c	2.4 ± 0.7	2.3 ± 0.7	2.1 ± 0.7b	2.9 ± 0.7	2.8 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 0.8	2.5 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.8

Values are mean ± SD or percentage.

Values of p for girls compared with boys at each measurement visit:

^ap <0.0001;

^bp <0.001;

^cp <0.05.

^dPhysical maturity is defined as having achieved peak height velocity.