Table 1.
Characteristics | Level of psychological distress |
p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asymptomatic (n = 9482) | Low (n = 4362) | Moderate (n = 1346) | High (n = 1295) | ||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.42 (15.75) | 46.94 (15.99) | 45.77 (15.57) | 45.61 (13.39) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.20 (4.58) | 26.50 (4.99) | 26.23 (5.11) | 26.82 (5.86) | <0.001 |
Dieta, mean (SD) | 3.53 (1.56) | 3.40 (1.52) | 3.34 (1.49) | 3.25 (1.55) | <0.001 |
Exerciseb, mean (SD) | 11.01 (9.21) | 10.28 (9.97) | 9.86 (9.87) | 9.80 (10.16) | <0.001 |
Neighbourhood cohesion, mean (SD) | 29.49 (5.85) | 28.69 (6.19) | 27.96 (6.55) | 27.78 (6.91) | <0.001 |
Female, % | 54.00 | 56.95 | 63.60 | 63.63 | <0.001 |
SEPc, % | <0.001 | ||||
Unskilled | 4.32 | 4.08 | 4.98 | 4.94 | – |
Semi-skilled | 13.32 | 14.44 | 16.05 | 17.06 | – |
Skilled manual | 17.74 | 17.54 | 16.72 | 18.38 | – |
Skilled non-manual | 21.69 | 22.24 | 23.85 | 26.02 | – |
Managerial/technical | 36.54 | 35.30 | 33.88 | 29.11 | – |
Professional | 6.38 | 6.40 | 4.52 | 3.78 | – |
Baseline disease, % | |||||
Arthritis | 12.19 | 15.45 | 16.49 | 17.92 | <0.001 |
COPDd | 1.69 | 2.66 | 2.45 | 4.17 | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 4.69 | 4.61 | 4.75 | 5.56 | 0.544 |
CVDe | 4.90 | 5.55 | 5.87 | 6.33 | 0.068 |
Smoking status, % | <0.001 | ||||
Never smoked | 41.36 | 40.97 | 36.70 | 33.36 | – |
Ex-smoker | 41.47 | 38.70 | 37.89 | 35.14 | – |
Current smoker | 17.17 | 20.33 | 25.41 | 31.51 | – |
Married or living with a partner, % | 24.85 | 28.66 | 33.36 | 39.54 | <0.001 |
Note: p value indicates significance of test for linear trend in continuous variables and significance of chi-square test for categorical variables.
Number of portions of fruit and vegetable eaten in a day.
Number of days in the last four weeks on which participants spent ≥30 min walking.
Socioeconomic position as indexed by occupation.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Cardiovascular disease.