Types of oral language skills assessed across studies (Study n = 86).

	Type of Oral Language Measure Assessed
Authors	Vocabulary Knowledge	Narrative Skills	Listening Comprehension	Syntax/ Grammar	Semantic Knowledge	Figurative Language	Verbal WM
Aaron, Joshi, & Williams (1999)			X
Bishop (unpublished)	X		X	X	X		X
Cain (1996); Cain & Oakhill (1996); Oakhill, Cain, & Yuill (1998)	X	X
Cain (1999)	X
Cain (2003); Cain & Oakhill (2008)	X	X	X
Cain (2006)	X						X
Cain & Oakhill (1998; 1999); Oakhill & Cain (2000)	X
Cain & Oakhill (2006); Kyle & Cain (2015)	X		X	X	X		X
Cain & Oakhill (2011)	X
Cain & Towse (2008)	X				X	X
Cain, Oakhill, & Bryant (2000)	X						X
Cain, Oakhill, & Elbro (2003)	X
Cain, Oakhill, & Lemmon (2004)	X				X		X
Cain (2009); Cain (2011); Cain, Oakhill, & Lemmon (2005)	X				X	X	X
Cain, Oakhill, Barnes & Bryant (2001)	X		X			X	X
Carretti, Motta, & Re (2014)	X	X		X			X
Carretti, Re, & Arfe (2011)	X						X
Cataldo & Oakhill (2000)	X						X
Catts, Adlof, & Weismer (2006)	--
Clarke (2009)	X		X		X
Corso, Sperb, & Salles (2014)			X		X		X
Cragg & Nation (2006)				X			X
Ehrlich & Remond (1997); Ehrlich, Remond, & Tardieu (1999)	X
Elwer et al. (2015)	X		X	X			X
FDE PMRN Database 2003-2004 (unpublished)	X
FDE PMRN Database 2004-2005 (unpublished)	X
FDE PMRN Database 2005-2006 (unpublished)	X
FDE PMRN Database 2006-2007 (unpublished)	X
FDE PMRN Database 2007-2008 (unpublished)	X
Geva & Massey-Garrison (2012); Massey-Garrison (2010)	X		X	X
Gifford (2013)	X		X
Henderson, Snowling, & Clarke (2012)	X						X
Isakson & Miller (1976)	X
Justice, Mashburn, & Petscher (2013)		X	X
Kasperski & Katzir (2012)	X						X
Leach, Scarborough, & Rescorla (2003)	X		X
Lesaux, Lipka, & Siegel (2006)				X			X
Marshall & Nation (2003)					X
Megherbi, Seigneuric, & Ehrlich (2006)			X
Nation & Snowling (1997)			X
Nation & Snowling (1998a)			X
Nation & Snowling (1998b)	X				X
Nation & Snowling (1999)	--
Nation & Snowling (2000)				X
Nation, Clarke, & Snowling (2002)	X				X
Nation, Clarke, Durand, & Marshall (2004)	X	X	X	X	X	X
Nation, Cocksey, Taylor, & Bishop (2010)	X		X	X	X
Nation, Marshall, & Altmann (2003)	X		X		X
Nation, Marshall, & Snowling (2001)					X
Nation, Snowling, & Clarke (2005)	X		X	X	X
Nation, Snowling, & Clarke (2007)	X		X		X		X
Ndlovu (2010)	X		X
Nesi, Chiara,Levorato, Roch, & Cacciari (2006)	--
Oakhill & Patel (1991)	--
Oakhill, Hartt, & Samols (2005)	X
Oakhill, Yuill, & Donaldson (1990)	X
Pelegrina, Capodieci, Carretti, & Cornoldi (2014)	X						X
Pimperton (2010); Pimperton & Nation (2010a, 2010b)	X		X				X
Re & Carretti (2016)	X
Ricketts (unpublished)	X				X
Ricketts, Nation, & Bishop (2007); Ricketts, Bishop, & Nation (2008); Ricketts, Sperling, & Nation (2014)	X
Shankweiler et al. (1999)	--
Spooner, Gathercole, & Baddeley (2004)			X
Spooner, Gathercole, & Baddeley (2006)	X						X
Stothard (1992); Stothard & Hulme (1992, 1995, 1996)	X		X	X	X		X
Swanson & Berninger (1995)					X		X
Tong, Deacon, & Cain (2014)	X			X	X
Tong, Deacon, Kirby, Cain, & Parrila (2011)	X				X
Torppa et al. (2007)	X		X		X
Yuill (1998)	X
Yuill (2009)						X
Yuill & Oakhill (1988a)	X
Yuill & Oakhill (1988b)	X
Yuill & Oakhill (1991); Yuill & Oakhill (1991); Garham, Oakhill, & Johnson-Laird (1982); Oakhill (1982, 1983, 1984, 1993, 198, 1994);; Oakhill, Cain, & Yuill (1998); Oakhill & Yuill (1986 Oakhill & Yuill (1998b); Oakhill, Yuill, & Parkin (1986); Yuill & Joscelyne (1988)	X			X		X	X
Yuill, Pearce, Kerawall, Harris, & Luckin (2009)	--
Yuill, Oakhill, & Parkin (1989); Oakhill, Cain, & Yuill (1998)	X
Zhang et al. (2014)	X			X	X

Note. For some studies, oral language was assessed but not explicitly reported.