Table 1.

Selected imaging-related semantic content resources

Content resource	Description
ICD-10-CM	An adaptation of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10, ICD-10-CM is used in the USA as a source of diagnostic codes. Within radiology, these codes are associated with the indication for an imaging exam.
CPT	Maintained by the American Medical Association, CPT is used in the USA to bill for medical services and procedures. Most radiology exams correspond to CPT codes in the range 70000 to 79999. Image-guided procedures may also be associated with other CPT codes outside this range.
HCPCS	Maintained by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), HCPCS is a superset of billing codes divided into two levels. Level I is the CPT code set. Level II covers services generally outside of Level I.
SNOMED CT	A comprehensive global standard for clinical terminology, maintained by SNOMED International (also known as the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization, or IHTSDO). Commonly used in electronic health records.
FMA	A widely-referenced, comprehensive ontology for human anatomy, developed at the University of Washington.
LOINC	LOINC is an international standard coding system for clinical observations such as laboratory tests and clinical measurements, maintained by the Regenstrief Institute.
RadLex	An ontology of imaging-related concepts, maintained by the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). RadLex is used as the basis for the LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook.
LOINC-RSNA Radiology Playbook	A structured system for naming and coding imaging exams, jointly maintained by the Regenstrief Institute and RSNA.
ACR RADS Reporting Systems	A collection of structured systems for image interpretation. Examples include BI-RADS for breast imaging, LI-RADS for hepatocellular carcinoma imaging and PI-RADS for prostate MRI.