Table 1.
Characteristics and risk of bias of included studies.
| Study & country | Study type | No. of patients | Included years | Mean paternal age (y) | Mean Maternal age (y) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ejaculated | Testicular | Ejaculated | Testicular | ||||
| Amirjannati et al.9 in Iran | Cohort study | 192a | 2005–2009 | 36.85 ± 5.34e | 40.68 ± 4.94e | 31.85 ± 5.76e | 35 ± 5.91e |
| Ben-Ami et al.6 in Israel | Cohort study | 17a | 2010–2011 | 32.8 ± 5.3e | 36.3 ± 6.6d,e | 29.1 ± 3.4e | 30.9 ± 4.1d,e |
| Bendikson et al.7 in USA | Cohort study | 16a | 1993–2005 | 36.7 ± 5e | 37 ± 4e | 31.6 ± 5e | 32 ± 5e |
| Cui et al.8 in China | Cohort study | 285b | 2009–2013 | 34.24 ± 4.83f | 35.12 ± 6.25f | 28.15 ± 5.32f | 29.31 ± 5.87f |
| Hauser et al.10 in Israel | Cohort study | 13a | 1996–2009 | 36.7 ± 8.3c,e | 32.7 ± 4.5e | 34.1 ± 5.1d,e | |
| Ketabchi et al.11 in Iran | Prospective cohort study | 55b | 2011–2014 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Study & country | ICSI cycles | Method of surgical extraction | Other male parameters | Relevant outcomes | Quality of study | ||
| Ejaculated(fresh) | Testicular(fresh) | Testicular(frozen) | |||||
| Amirjannati et al.9 in Iran | 208 | 19 | 0 | mTESE | Sperm count, normal morpholoy and vitality | Fertilisation rate,Embryo quality | 8 stars |
| Ben-Ami et al.6 in Israel | 68 | 31 | 17 | TESE | NR | Fertilisation rate,Pregnancy rate | 8 stars |
| Bendikson et al.7 in USA | 27 | 21 | 0 | TESE | Genetic screening,sperm count | Fertilisation rate,Implantation rate,Pregnancy rate, | 8 stars |
| Cui et al.8 in China | 166 | 56 | 0 | TESE or TESA | Testicular volume, sperm count, FSH level, BMI | Fertilisation rate, Embryo quality, Implantation rate, Pregnancy rate | 9 stars |
| Hauser et al.10 in Israel | 34 | 9 | 50 | TESE | Genetic screening, FSH level, testicular size, testicular histology | Fertilisation rate,Embryo quality,Implantation rate,Pregnancy rate | 9 stars |
| Ketabchi et al.11 in Iran | 38 | 17 | 0 | TESE | NR | Fertilisation rate,Embryo quality, Implantation rate, Pregnancy rate | 7 stars |
aSome patients underwent ICSI with both ejaculated sperm and testicular sperm. bEjaculated sperm group and testicular sperm group consisted of different patients. cMixed data of ejaculated sperm and testicular sperm groups. dMixed data of fresh testicular sperm group and frozen sperm groups. eMean ± standard deviation. fMean ± standard error. NR, not reported; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; BMI, body mass index; SDF, sperm DNA fragmentation; TESE, testicular sperm extraction; mTESE, microdissection TESE; TESA, testicular sperm aspiration.