Table 2.
Effects of 12 weeks of HIIT on CRF and psychosocial functioning at post-intervention in TCS
| Measure | Group | No. | Baseline | Post-intervention | Between-group difference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Adj. Meana | SE | Adj. Meana (95% CI) | p | |||
| CRF | Control | 27 | 42.8 | 8.4 | 41.7 | 8.9 | 40.6 | 1.1 | 4.4 (1.5 to 7.3) | 0.003 |
| Exercise | 35 | 40.0 | 8.7 | 44.2 | 7.0 | 45.0 | 0.9 | |||
| Depression | Control | 27 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 0.5 | −0.2 (−1.6 to 1.3) | 0.81 |
| Exercise | 35 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 0.5 | |||
| Anxiety | Control | 27 | 16.2 | 4.7 | 17.4 | 5.9 | 18.0 | 0.9 | −1.6 (−3.9 to 0.8) | 0.19 |
| Exercise | 35 | 18.6 | 5.5 | 16.9 | 4.2 | 16.4 | 0.8 | |||
| Stress | Control | 27 | 16.3 | 9.1 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 18.1 | 1.0 | −1.7 (−4.4 to 1.0) | 0.22 |
| Exercise | 35 | 19.7 | 8.5 | 17.3 | 6.7 | 16.4 | 0.9 | |||
| Self-esteem | Control | 27 | 36.0 | 4.8 | 35.0 | 5.0 | 33.7 | 0.6 | 1.8 (0.2 to 3.4) | 0.029 |
| Exercise | 35 | 32.5 | 5.5 | 34.5 | 4.1 | 35.5 | 0.5 | |||
| Sleep quality | Control | 27 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 0.3 | −0.6 (−1.4 to 0.2) | 0.15 |
| Exercise | 35 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 0.3 | |||
HIIT high-intensity aerobic interval training, CRF cancer-related fatigue, TCS testicular cancer survivors, No. number, SD standard deviation, Adj. adjusted, SE standard error, CI confidence interval.
aAll follow-up and between-group difference values were adjusted for baseline value of the outcome, age, treatment exposure, and time since treatment