Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors predicting reduction of HbA1c ≥ 1.0% (10.9 mmol/mol) among 1325 patientsa after 12 months of treatment with liraglutide
| Variable | Category | Univariate logistic regression | Multivariate logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI)b | p-value | ||
| Age | N/A | 1.00 (0.99; 1.01) | 0.9689 | 1.02 (1.00; 1.04) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes duration (years, continuous) | N/A | 0.98 (0.97; 1.00) | 0.04 | 0.97 (0.94; 0.99) | 0.007 |
| HbA1c (continuous) | N/A | 2.78 (2.43; 3.18) | < 0.0001 | 3.52 (2.90; 4.27) | < 0.0001 |
| BMI kg/m2 (continuous) | N/A | 1.00 (0.98; 1.02) | 0.7207 | 1.01 (0.98; 1.03) | 0.61 |
| Baseline treatment | Metformin | 1.00c | 1.00c | N/A | |
| Other monotherapy | 1.17 (0.76; 1.80) | 0.4651 | 0.91 (0.52; 1.59) | 0.75 | |
| Metformin + SU | 1.01 (0.77; 1.32) | 0.9528 | 0.50 (0.34; 0.72) | 0.0002 | |
| Other dual | 1.01 (0.67; 1.52) | 0.9615 | 0.59 (0.34; 1.02) | 0.06 | |
| ≥ 3 OADs | 1.12 (0.62; 2.02) | 0.7025 | 0.41 (0.19; 0.88) | 0.02 | |
| Insulin ± OADs | 1.00 (0.63; 1.58) | 0.9963 | 0.44 (0.23; 0.85) | 0.02 | |
| Liraglutide dose | 1.8 | 1.00c | 1.00c | N/A | |
| 1.2 | 1.43 (1.12; 1.82) | 0.0037 | 1.91 (1.40; 2.61) | < 0.0001 | |
| Liraglutide treatment modality | Switch | 1.00c | 1.00c | N/A | |
| Add-on | 1.74 (1.38; 2.20) | < 0.0001 | 1.86 (1.38; 2.51) | < 0.0001 | |
| Reduce | 0.56 (0.26; 1.21) | 0.1418 | 0.62 (0.24; 1.59) | 0.32 | |
| Sex | Female | 1.00c | |||
| Male | 1.09 (0.88; 1.35) | 0.4459 | |||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL, continuous) | N/A | 1.01 (1.01; 1.02) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Diabetic retinopathy | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 1.17 (0.87; 1.57) | 0.2896 | |||
| Sensory-motor neuropathy | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 1.10 (0.79; 1.52) | 0.5731 | |||
| Coronary heart disease | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 0.85 (0.62; 1.18) | 0.3408 | |||
| Stroke | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 0.82 (0.38; 1.76) | 0.6052 | |||
| Peripheral vascular disease | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 0.85 (0.55; 1.32) | 0.4702 | |||
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ≤ 130/80 | 1.00c | |||
| 131–139/81–89 | 1.25 (0.77; 2.03) | 0.3652 | |||
| ≥ 140/90 | 1.11 (0.86; 1.44) | 0.4247 | |||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg, continuous) | N/A | 1.00 (1.00; 1.01) | 0.5617 | ||
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg, continuous) | N/A | 1.02 (1.01; 1.04) | 0.0002 | ||
| Hypertension | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 0.91 (0.69; 1.19) | 0.4815 | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous) | N/A | 1.00 (1.00; 1.01) | 0.0203 | ||
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous) | N/A | 1.0 (1.0; 1.0) | 0.1091 | ||
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous) | N/A | 1.0 (1.0; 1.0) | 0.1566 | ||
| Dyslipidaemia | No | 1.00c | |||
| Yes | 0.98 (0.77; 1.24) | 0.8573 | |||
| eGFR | > 90 | 1.00c | |||
| 61–90 | 0.97 (0.73; 1.29) | 0.8471 | |||
| 31–60 | 0.63 (0.39; 1.02) | 0.0603 | |||
| 0–30 | nc | nc | |||
Add-on, liraglutide added to prior therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; N/A, not applicable; nc, not calculated; OAD, oral antidiabetic drug; reduce, number of prior OADs was reduced with addition of liraglutide; SU, sulphonylurea; switch, switch to liraglutide from prior therapy
aPatients who had HbA1c data recorded at 12 months
bAdjusted for age, sex, duration of diabetes, baseline HbA1c, FPG, BMI, presence of diabetes complications, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, eGFR levels, treatment scheme at the first prescription of liraglutide, treatment modality, and liraglutide dosage
cReference category