Table.
Baseline characteristics
|
Baseline systolic blood pressure |
All (n=489 125) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 80–124 mm Hg (n=158 958) | 125–144 mm Hg (n=224 885) | 145–164 mm Hg (n=71 081) | 165–184 mm Hg (n=24 952) | 185–249 mm Hg (n=9249) | ||
| Age (years) | 47 (10) | 51 (10) | 56 (10) | 58 (10) | 59 (9) | 51 (10) |
| Female | 105 630 (66·5%) | 123 152 (54·8%) | 39 748 (56·7%) | 14 905 (59·7%) | 5789 (62·6%) | 289 224 (59·1%) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 109·7 (7·3) | 130·8 (6·9) | 153·3 (5·7) | 172·9 (5·6) | 197·8 (11·9) | 130·6 (21·0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 69·1 (7·0) | 78·3 (7·9) | 86·4 (9·5) | 92·4 (10·7) | 100·1 (12·2) | 77·7 (11·1) |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 22·6 (3·0) | 23·8 (3·3) | 24·6 (3·5) | 24·7 (3·7) | 24·8 (3·7) | 23·6 (3·4) |
| MET-h/day of physical activity | 22·3 (13·6) | 22·0 (14·1) | 19·7 (13·9) | 18·6 (13·4) | 17·8 (12·8) | 21·5 (13·9) |
| Urban area | 77 932 (49·0%) | 91 615 (40·7%) | 29 194 (40·9%) | 9276 (37·2%) | 3068 (33·2%) | 211 085 (43·2%) |
| Educated to middle school or higher* | 93 691 (58·9%) | 109 894 (48·9%) | 26 815 (37·7%) | 7590 (30·4%) | 2390 (25·8%) | 240 380 (49·1%) |
| Current smokers (male only†) | 35 090 (65·8%) | 62 845 (61·8%) | 18 053 (57·6%) | 5849 (58·2%) | 2065 (59·7%) | 123 902 (62·0%) |
| Alcohol consumption at least weekly (male only†) | 15 507 (29·1%) | 35 539 (34·9%) | 11 712 (37·4%) | 3637 (36·2%) | 1298 (37·5%) | 67 693 (33·9%) |
| Fresh fruit consumed daily | 35 367 (22·2%) | 38 588 (17·2%) | 11 077 (15·6) | 3314 (13·3%) | 1044 (11·3%) | 89 390 (18·3%) |
| Fresh vegetable consumed daily | 150 054 (94·4%) | 213 669 (95·0%) | 67 361 (94·8%) | 23 474 (94·1%) | 8609 (93·1%) | 463 167 (94·7%) |
| Diabetes‡ | 4197 (2·6%) | 11 813 (5·3%) | 6615 (9·3%) | 2695 (10·8%) | 1073 (11·6%) | 26 393 (5·4%) |
| Taking blood-pressure-lowering medication | 929 (0·6%) | 6399 (2·8%) | 5890 (8·3%) | 3068 (12·3%) | 1337 (14·5%) | 17 623 (3·6%) |
Data are mean (SD) and n (%). The main analysis excludes people with no follow-up at ages 40–79 years; those with a previous diagnosis of vascular disease at baseline (myocardial infarction, stroke, or transient ischaemic attack); those with out-of-range baseline systolic or diastolic blood pressure; and those with missing information on blood pressure or other important factors. MET=metabolic equivalent.
*
Middle school is typically attended between ages of 12 years and 15 years.
†
6616 (2·3%) women smoked and 6017 (2·1%) reported drinking alcohol at least weekly.
‡
Includes those with a (self-reported) previous medical diagnosis of diabetes and those detected by blood glucose tests at baseline.