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. 2018 May 18;18:42. doi: 10.1186/s12874-018-0491-0

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 8 — Difference in treatment ES estimate between trials with and appropriate method of blinding (a positive value, more than zero, across meta-analyses indicates that lack of an appropriate method of blinding inflates the treatment ES estimate). Diamond, difference in treatment ES estimate between trial components across all meta-analyses; square, proportional to weight used in meta-meta-analysis; horizontal arrow/line, a 95% confidence interval; solid vertical line, line of no difference in treatment ES estimate