Table 1.
Summary of phenotypes after RNAi for 32 essential CP genes at three developmental stages in N. lugens
| Gene | dsRNA injection time and phenotypes | ||
| Fifth instar | Second instar | Female adults* | |
| NlugCpr3 | LEH† | ||
| NlugCpr6 | IV‡ (T-en) | DR | |
| NlugCpr8 | LEH | ||
| NlugCpr10 | LEH | ||
| NlugCpr15 | LEP | ||
| NlugCpr24 | LEH | ||
| NlugCpr36 | LEH | ||
| NlugCpr47 | III‡ (L-en) | ME | LEP, LEH |
| NlugCpr51 | LEH† | ||
| NlugCpr52 | LEH† | ||
| NlugCpr54 | LEH | ||
| NlugCpr56 | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR‡ | |
| NlugCpr58 | LEH† | ||
| NlugCpr61 | IV‡ (T-en) | DR‡ | |
| NlugCpr62 | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR‡ | |
| NlugCpr64 | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR | |
| NlugCpr69 | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR‡ | |
| NlugCpr73 | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR‡ | LEH |
| NlugCpr83 | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR‡ | |
| NlugCpr90 | LEH | ||
| NlugCpr94 | LEH | ||
| NlugTwdlE3 | LEH | ||
| NlugCPLCP2 | II‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR‡ | |
| NlugCPAP1-E | IV‡ (T-en) | NM‡ | LEH |
| NlugCPAP1-H | II‡ (T-en) | NM‡ | LEP, LEH |
| NlugCPAP1-I | LEH | ||
| NlugCPAP1-K | IV‡ (T-en, T-ex) | DR | |
| NlugCPAP1-N | I‡ (T-en) | NM‡ | |
| NlugCPAP3-B | LEH† | ||
| NlugCPAP3-C5b | IV‡ (T-en) | ||
| NlugCPAP3-D1 | IV (T-en) | IV | LEH† |
| NlugCPAPn-7 | II‡ (C-en, T-ex) | NM‡ | |
The insects were treated as described in Materials and Methods. DR, developmental retardation; LEH, low egg hatchability; LEP, low egg production ability; ME, malformed eyes; NM, second-third nymph molting. Phenotypes in the brackets indicate TEM observation results: C-en, curved and disordered endocuticle; L-en, loose and thick endocuticle; T-en, thin and disordered endocuticle; T-ex, thin exocuticle.
*
The phenotypes listed were significantly decreased according to statistical test (Dataset S4). Phenotypes I–IV were classified as shown in Fig. 3.
†
Egg hatchability was <10%.
‡
The phenotypes were lethal.