Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted outcomes, primary analyses

Outcome	Adjusted outcomesa		P	% difference (powered − manual) (%)
	Powered staplers, n = 659	Manual staplers, n = 3100
Hospital LOS	4.87	5.88	< 0.001	− 17.1
Total hospital costs	$23,841	$26,052	0.009	− 8.5
Supply cost	$5234	$5672	0.405	− 7.7
Room and board cost	$6737	$7945	0.001	− 15.2
Operating room cost	$7095	$7187	0.735	− 1.3
Discharge to non-homeb	8.2%	7.7%	0.762	6.6
Operating room timec	284	301	0.073	− 5.8
In-hospital complications
Bleeding/transfusion	8.5%	16.0%	< 0.001	− 46.8
Transfusion	5.4%	10.9%	0.002	− 50.6
APHA	4.3%	6.8%	0.097	− 36.8
Air leak complicationsd	22.6%	25.3%	0.324	− 10.5
Pneumonia	4.1%	3.5%	0.569	19.4
Infection	4.4%	3.8%	0.612	16.5
All-cause readmissione
≤ 30 days	3.1%	4.4%	0.217	− 30.5
≤ 60 days	5.3%	7.3%	0.159	− 27.1
≤ 90 days	7.5%	9.8%	0.171	− 23.5
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subgroup analysesf
Bleeding/transfusion	8.6%	18.9%	0.002	− 54.4%
Transfusion	6.2%	13.2%	0.011	− 53.2%
APHA	4.1%	7.9%	0.113	− 48.2%

APHA acute posthemorrhagic anemia, LOS length of stay

^aRecycled prediction method; The following outcome models had questionable fit due to estimated G matrix not positive definite: all-cause readmission at 30, 60, and 90 days

^bDischarge to a non-home setting (e.g., skilled nursing facility, intermediate care facility) vs. discharge to home with or without home healthcare

^cIn minutes; n with operating room time data = 542 powered; 2711 manual; operating room time values trimmed to fall between 30 min and 24 h

^dComposite of air leak and/or pneumothorax

^e30-, 60-, and 90-day all-cause readmissions to the hospital in which the VATS lobectomy procedure was performed; N with hospital-level follow-up data for at least 30 days = 624 powered; 3018 manual; for at least 60 days = 581 powered; 2942 manual; for at least 90 days = 545 powered; 2866 manual

^fComprising chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied disorders, according to the ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM taxonomies; n = 324 powered; 1368 manual