Table 3.
Percentage of pooled antibacterial resistance rates of E. coli in Ethiopia, 2007–2017.
| Studies | Antibacterial | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AML | AMP | AMC | KF | CRO | TE | DO | C | E | CN | K | CIP | NA | F | NOR | SXT | |
| Abejew et al., 2014 [23] | 84.6 | 80.0 | --- | 42.3 | 46.9 | 82.2 | 64.5 | 49.0 | 94.4 | 34.0 | 20.0 | 28.3 | 13.3 | 10.4 | --- | 75.8 |
| Abera and Kibret, 2014 [35] | --- | --- | --- | --- | 40 | 25 | --- | 35 | --- | 40 | --- | 4 | --- | --- | --- | 15 |
| Adugna et al., 2015 [36] | --- | 86.8 | 47.5 | --- | --- | 76 | --- | 36.2 | --- | 37.2 | --- | 6.9 | --- | --- | 9.3 | --- |
| Alebachew et al., 2016 [27] | --- | 100 | 100 | --- | 0 | 100 | --- | 0 | --- | 0 | --- | 0 | --- | 0 | --- | 100 |
| Alemu et al., 2012 [28] | 100 | 100 | 36.8 | --- | 0 | 52.6 | --- | 0 | --- | 5.3 | --- | 0 | --- | --- | 0 | 26.3 |
| Beyene and Tsegaye, 2011 [49] | 100 | 100 | --- | --- | 0 | 28.6 | --- | 0 | --- | 0 | --- | 14.3 | 0 | 0 | --- | 28.6 |
| Debalke et al., 2014 [50] | --- | 88 | --- | --- | 4 | --- | --- | 0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 52 | 0 | 16 | 96 |
| Demilie et al., 2012 [37] | 75 | 81.7 | 37.5 | --- | --- | 68.8 | --- | 37.5 | --- | 31.2 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 43.8 | 6.3 | 25 | 56.2 |
| Derbie et al., 2017 [38] | --- | 89.1 | 78.6 | --- | --- | 66.1 | --- | --- | --- | 27.6 | --- | 64.4 | --- | 25 | 27 | 64.5 |
| Dereje et al., 2017 [42] | --- | --- | 21.6 | --- | 24.6 | --- | --- | 32.2 | --- | 53.8 | --- | 56.9 | --- | 40 | --- | --- |
| Derese et al., 2016 [48] | 77.8 | 77.8 | --- | --- | 0 | 66.7 | --- | 11.1 | --- | 0 | --- | 11.1 | 44.4 | 44.4 | --- | 11.1 |
| Dessie et al., 2016 [43] | --- | 95.8 | 70.8 | --- | 83.3 | 83.3 | --- | 25 | --- | 54.2 | --- | 66.7 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Desta et al., 2016 [44] | --- | --- | 93 | 98 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 63 | --- | 78 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eshetie et al., 2015 [31] | --- | 92.9 | 60.7 | --- | 17.9 | 53.6 | --- | 64.3 | --- | 57.1 | --- | 10.7 | 25 | --- | --- | 50 |
| Kibret and Abera, 2014 [24] | 87.3 | --- | --- | 56.9 | 33.9 | 80.1 | 61 | 37.4 | 93.7 | 24.5 | --- | 34.1 | --- | 3.8 | --- | 72.1 |
| Kibret and Abera, 2011 [25] | 86 | --- | --- | 59.5 | 37.4 | 72.4 | --- | 35.3 | 89.4 | 13 | --- | 19.9 | --- | 3.6 | 6.5 | 62.9 |
| Azene and Beyene, 2011 [26] | 85.0 | --- | --- | 64.7 | 66.7 | 71.4 | 33.3 | 36.1 | 51.9 | 14.4 | --- | 7.7 | --- | --- | --- | 67.1 |
| Mama et al., 2014 [51] | --- | 100 | --- | 100 | 62 | 79 | 44.8 | 65.5 | --- | 51.7 | --- | 34 | 41 | --- | 44.8 | 55 |
| Mamuye, 2016 [45] | 75.5 | 79.2 | --- | 32.1 | 45.3 | 83.0 | 71.7 | 30.2 | --- | 22.6 | --- | 54.7 | 73.6 | 20.8 | 67.9 | 22.6 |
| Melaku et al., 2012 [39] | 85.7 | 100 | --- | --- | --- | 81.6 | --- | 83.7 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mulu et al., 2017 [34] | 25 | 33.3 | --- | --- | 3.3 | 75 | 75 | 13 | 0 | 69.6 | --- | 18.2 | --- | --- | 23.1 | 11.1 |
| Mulualem et al., 2012 [52] | 86 | 86 | 70.1 | --- | 9 | 73.1 | --- | 35.8 | --- | 3 | --- | 20.9 | --- | --- | 16.4 | 56.7 |
| Mulu et al., 2012 [40] | 90 | 78 | --- | --- | 55.6 | 66.7 | 66.7 | 0 | --- | 44.4 | 44.4 | 44.4 | 66.7 | 22.2 | 44.4 | 67 |
| Nigussie and Amsalu, 2017 [54] | --- | 100 | 36.4 | --- | 63.6 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 72.7 | --- | 18.2 | --- | 0 | 9.1 | 81.8 |
| Ramos et al., 2014 [47] | 64.7 | 70.6 | 5.9 | --- | 5.9 | 41.2 | 29.4 | 35.3 | 41.2 | 11.8 | --- | 29.4 | --- | --- | --- | 58.8 |
| Wasihun et al.2015 [57] | --- | --- | 6.7 | --- | 60 | --- | 40 | --- | --- | 13.3 | --- | 6.7 | --- | 26.7 | 60 | 6.7 |
| Wondimeneh et al., 2014 [29] | 50 | 66.7 | --- | --- | 50 | 100 | --- | 16.7 | --- | 66.7 | --- | 50 | --- | --- | 66.7 | 66.7 |
| Wondimu et al., 2013 [30] | --- | 33.3 | 0 | --- | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | --- | 33.3 | --- | --- | --- | 0 |
| Zenebe et al., 2011 [53] | 0 | 100 | --- | 0 | 0 | 75 | --- | 100 | --- | 75 | --- | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | 100 |
| Amsalu1 et al., 2016 [54] | --- | 100 | 26.1 | --- | 45.7 | --- | --- | 64.3 | --- | 60.6 | --- | 56.2 | --- | --- | 68.8 | 90 |
| Tadesse et al., 2014 [56] | --- | 68.8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 43.8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 18.8 | 81.2 |
| Tiruneh et al., 2014 [32] | 87.5 | 83.3 | --- | --- | --- | 79.2 | --- | 58.3 | --- | 44.2 | --- | 46.7 | --- | --- | --- | 76.7 |
| Legese et al., 2017 [46] | 100 | --- | 100 | --- | --- | 83.3 | --- | 66.7 | --- | 66.7 | --- | --- | --- | 0 | 66.7 | 100 |
| Eshetie et al., 2016 [33] | --- | 98.2 | 42 | --- | --- | 43.8 | --- | 54.5 | --- | 52.7 | --- | 0.9 | 17 | --- | --- | 64.3 |
| Wondemagegn et al., 2015 [41] | 80 | 73.3 | --- | --- | --- | 73.3 | --- | --- | --- | 26.7 | --- | 20 | --- | --- | 20 | 60 |
AMC: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, AML: amoxicillin, AMP: ampicillin, C: chloramphenicol, CIP: ciprofloxacin, CN: gentamicin, CRO: ceftriaxone, DO: doxycycline, E: erythromycin, F: nitrofurantoin, K: kanamycin, KF: cephalothin, NA: nalidixic acid, NOR: norfloxacin, SXT: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, TE: tetracycline, ---: not done.