Table 4.

Cytokines and growth factors at baseline and 45 and 90 days.

Measure	Reference range	Time	RBAC	Placebo
IL-6 (pg/mL)	0.6–2.8	Baseline	1.4 ± 1.4 (0.01, 4.8)	0.7 ± 0.9 (0.01, 2.1)
		45 days	1.4 ± 0.9 (0.01, 2.7)	2.8 ± 1.7 (0.01, 5.2)
		90 days	1.7 ± 0.9 (0.09, 3.3)	1.7 ± 1.3 (0.01, 4.2)
IL-18 (pg/mL)+	36.1–257.8	Baseline	446.1 ± 876 (64.5, 3,221)	256.4 ± 106.8 (86.6, 430.2)
		45 days	196.3 ± 64.7 (49.6, 284)	371 ± 176.5 (83.8, 597.1)
		90 days	221.3 ± 44.9 (153.5, 300.2)	263.3 ± 116.2 (75.7, 409.5)
IFN-γ (pg/mL)	0–3.0	Baseline	1.3 ± 1.5 (0.01, 5.1)	2.3 ± 2.5 (0.01, 7.8)
		45 days	2.5 ± 1.9 (0.01, 7.4)	2.4 ± 0.9 (1.1, 4.2)
		90 days	2.3 ± 1.5 (0.01, 4.9)	1.9 ± 1.8 (0.01, 4.9)
IL-2 (pg/mL)∗	1.6–8.3	Baseline	8.4 ± 3.3 (4.2, 13.2)	7.8 ± 6.5 (0.01, 21.2)
		45 days	7.5 ± 3.5 (0.01, 11.7)	7.6 ± 3.1 (4.9, 14.1)
		90 days	6.5 ± 4 (3.8, 18.2)	8.2 ± 3.8 (4.5, 16.4)
TNF RII (pg/mL)	714.4–1,145.5	Baseline	136.2 ± 443.2 (369.7, 1,940)	1259.9 ± 709.5 (391.9, 2,749.3)
		45 days	991.1 ± 277.5 (624.1, 1,530.6)	3449.2 ± 7,339.7 (596.1, 22,998.6)
		90 days	1029.8 ± 275.5 (649.1, 1,564.1)	950.3 ± 506.4 (329.9, 1,753.1)
IL-17 (pg/mL)	1.4–5.0	Baseline	7.6 ± 8.2 (3.3, 33.4)	6.3 ± 3.7 (3.6, 16.9)
		45 days	7.4 ± 6.2 (3.5, 25.8)	7.8 ± 4.7 (2.2, 16.7)
		90 days	5.5 ± 3.7 (0.1, 10.9)	4.9 ± 3.3 (1.1, 10.2)

Note. Values are mean ± standard deviation (minimum, maximum). IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; and TNF: tumor necrosis factor. ^∗Percent change difference (p < 0.05) from baseline to 90 days; ⁺percent change difference (p < 0.05) from 45 days to 90 days.