Table 2.
Demographic and clinical features of PD patients in the study population, assembled from baseline measurements of rehabilitative interventions conducted in 2011–2013 and 2014–2015, stratified on the presence of freezing of gait (FOG).
| Characteristic | PD−FOG | PD+FOG |
|---|---|---|
| N | 39 | 26 |
| Age, y (mean±SD) | 69±8 | 67±12 |
| Sex | ||
| Female (N, %) | 18 (46) | 10 (38) |
| Male (N, %) | 21 (54) | 16 (62) |
| Education, y (mean±SD) | 16±2c | 16±2a |
| Falling* | ||
| 0 falls (N, %) | 23 (60) | 8 (31) |
| 1 fall (N, %) | 8 (20) | 2 (8) |
| ≥1 fall (N, %) | 16 (40) | 18 (69) |
| ≥2 falls (N, %) | 8 (20) | 16 (61) |
| Cognitive domain | ||
| MoCA (/30; mean±SD) | 26.1±2.7 | 25.4±2.6 |
| Set shifting | ||
| Trailmaking A (s; median±IQR)* | 29.8±11.0 | 41.1±16.3a |
| Trailmaking B (s; median±IQR)* | 65.5±54.7 | 113.1±88.6a |
| Trailmaking B–A (s; median±IQR)* | 34.3±44.2 | 69.8±71.6a |
| Motor domain | ||
| Berg Balance Scale (/54; mean±SD)* | 52.9±3.3 | 49.2±6.0 |
| Gait speed, m/s (mean±SD) | 1.06±0.21 | 0.95±0.26b |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| PD duration, y (mean±S D) | 6.4±5.8 | 8.5±5.1a |
| UPDRS-III (/108; mean±SD)* | 29.4±7.8 | 35.9±13.0 |
| Freezing of Gait | ||
| Freezer (N, %) | 0 (0) | 26 (100) |
| Nonfreezer (N, %) | 39 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Hoehn & Yahr stage | ||
| 3 (N, %) | 9 (23) | 11 (42) |
| 2.5 (N, %) | 6 (15) | 6 (23) |
| 2 (N, %) | 17 (43) | 9 (35) |
| 1.5 (N, %) | 6 (15) | 0 (0) |
| 1 (N, %) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.
*
P<0.05, derived from tests of central tendency or homogeneity comparing PD+FOG and PD−FOG groups.
a
N=25.
b
N=24.
c
N=38.