Figure 4.
(A) ERα mRNA expression was determined by qPCR 24 hours after U251-MG cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of ketamine, (2R,6R)-HNK, or (2S,6S)-HNK. E2 plus ketamine or E2 plus the active metabolites resulted in additive effects on the induction of ERα expression. (B), U251-MG cells were transfected with the ERE dual luciferase reporter constructs, and were exposed to increasing concentrations of ketamine, (2R,6R)-HNK, or (2S,6S)-HNK alone or in combination with increasing concentrations of E2. ANOVA was performed to compare gene expression, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons. *p ≤0.05, **p ≤0.005 as compared to vehicle treatment. + p ≤0.05 as compared to the same with or without E2.