Figure 4.

The fate of a MitoFLARE hypha after exposure to human granulocytes. A. fumigatus conidia expressing mitochondria-targeted GFP were inoculated in RPMI-1640 and incubated at 37°C. After 10 h incubation, granulocytes were added in medium supplemented with lipopolysaccharides (200 ng/ml final concentration). The mitochondrial morphology and fluorescence of the depicted representative hypha was subsequently documented over time with live cell microscopy. (A) GFP fluorescence images of optical stacks covering the entire hyphae in focus (left panels) and bright field images (right panels) were taken with a confocal laser scanning microscope at the indicated time points after addition of the granulocytes. The arrowhead indicates a cell lysis phenomenon which is occasionally seen in a minority of granulocyte-killed hyphae. The bar represents 10 μm. (B) Magnifications of the framed sections shown shown in (A).