Table-4.
Univariate association between brucellosis positivity and potential risk factors in goats in Khartoum state (AprilJuly 2012).
| Risk factors | Number of tested (%) | df | Χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herd size | ||||
| ≤10 animals | 68 (2.90) | 2 | 6.59 | 0.04 |
| 1050 animals | 141 (14.9) | |||
| >50 animals | 98 (12.2) | |||
| P of P | ||||
| Meat | 0 (0.00) | 2 | - | - |
| Milk | 181 (10.5) | |||
| Mixed | 126 (12.7) | |||
| Veterinary services | ||||
| Inaccessible | 192 (13.5) | 1 | 2.32 | 0.13 |
| Accessible | 115 (7.80) | |||
| Grazing | ||||
| No | 187 (11.8) | 1 | 0.06 | 0.80 |
| Yes | 120 (10.8) | |||
| FE and/or AR | ||||
| Purchased | 51 (2.00) | 1 | 5.39 | 0.02 |
| Raised in farm | 256 (13.3) | |||
| Water source | ||||
| Common canal | 76 (13.2) | 2 | 1.80 | 0.41 |
| Well | 130 (13.1) | |||
| Tap water | 101 (7.90) | |||
| PS | ||||
| Extensive | 131 (11.5) | 1 | 0.001 | 0.98 |
| Intensive | 176 (11.4) | |||
| Feed source | ||||
| Farm | 30 (16.7) | 3 | - | - |
| Market | 242 (12.4) | |||
| Food remain | 0 (0.00) | |||
| Mixed | 35 (0.00) | |||
| SOM for breeding | ||||
| No | 190 (11.1) | 1 | 0.06 | 0.81 |
| Yes | 117 (12.0) | |||
| D of FM | ||||
| No | 14 (21.4) | 1 | 1.46 | 0.23 |
| Yes | 293 (10.9) | |||
| Vaccination | ||||
| No | 307 (11.4) | 1 | - | - |
| Yes | 0 (0.00) | |||
| Parturition pen | ||||
| No | 307 (11.4) | 1 | - | - |
| Yes | 0 (0.00) | |||
| C with other As | ||||
| No | 89 (11.2) | 1 | 0.03 | 0.95 |
| Yes | 218 (11.5) | |||
| Stray dogs | ||||
| No | 148 (9.50) | 1 | 1.06 | 0.30 |
| Yes | 159 (13.2) |
No=Number, CI=Confidence interval, P of P=Purpose of production, FE and/or AR=Flock expansion and/or animal replacement, PS=Production system, SOM for breeding=Share one male for breeding between farms/flocks, D of FM=Disposal of fetal membranes, C with other As=Contact with other animals, -=Constant category (ies)