Fig. 1.

—Selection on translation accuracy affects both lowly and highly expressed genes in E. coli. Presented are the Akashi test odds ratios calculated for the association between conserved protein positions and the usage of preferred codons at those positions. (a) Akashi test odds ratio was calculated using the entire protein-coding gene sequences. (b) Average Akashi test odds ratio calculated from 10,000 random samplings of 5,000 conserved and 5,000 variable codons from each expression bin. Error bars represent the standard deviation across the mean for the 10,000 samplings.