Table 1.
Description of Characteristics of a Cohort of Patients With Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Recovered From Clinical Cultures, by Carbapenemase Status
| Variables on Day 1 of Infection | Carbapenemase-Positive CRE (n = 45, 47%) |
Carbapenemase-Negative CRE (n = 51, 53%) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 68 (55–70) | 60 (52–70) | .21 |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 27 (60) | 32 (63) | .84 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | |||
| White | 20 (44) | 31 (61) | |
| Black | 14 (31) | 10 (20) | .24 |
| Latino | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | .62 |
| Asian/Middle Eastern | 9 (20) | 4 (8) | .08 |
| Preexisting medical conditions, No. (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 14 (31) | 15 (29) | >.99 |
| End-stage liver disease | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | .68 |
| End-stage renal disease requiring dialysis | 4 (9) | 6 (12) | .75 |
| Congestive heart failure (ejection fraction < 40) | 9 (20) | 8 (16) | .60 |
| Structural lung diseasea | 12 (27) | 9 (18) | .33 |
| Immunosuppression,b No. (%) | 15 (33) | 26 (51) | .08 |
| Indwelling hardware, No. (%) | |||
| Biliary stent | 1 (2) | 4 (8) | .37 |
| Gastrointestinal feeding tube | 11 (24) | 10 (20) | .63 |
| Nephrostomy and/or Foley catheter | 12 (27) | 13 (25) | 1.00 |
| Chronic vascular hardware | 18 (40) | 11 (22) | .07 |
| Multidrug-resistant gram-negative colonization or infection within the previous 3 mo, No. (%) | |||
| Extended-spectrum β-lactamase | 13 (29) | 22 (43) | .20 |
| Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae | 12 (27) | 8 (16) | .22 |
| Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas species | 4 (9) | 1 (2) | |
| Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | .60 |
| Total duration of antibiotic therapy with gram-negative activity in previous 3 mo, median (IQR), d | 6 (1–59) | 16 (6–55) | .14 |
| Total duration of hospitalization in the previous 3 mo before the current hospitalization, median (IQR), d | 5 (0–28) | 6 (0–31) | .92 |
| Duration of time from hospital admission until positive culture, median (IQR), d | 8 (1–21) | 6 (1–26) | .23 |
| At least 1 overnight stay in a foreign health care facility within the previous 6 mo, No. (%) | 12 (27) | 1 (2) | <.001 |
| Admission from a post–acute care facility, No. (%) | 14 (31) | 6 (12) | .03 |
| Specimen source, No. (%) | |||
| Urine | 21 (47) | 21 (41) | |
| Respiratoryc | 14 (31) | 14 (27) | .82 |
| Blood | 5 (11) | 9 (18) | .40 |
| Soft tissue/wound | 2 (4) | 6 (12) | .28 |
| Intra-abdominal fluid | 3 (7) | 1 (2) | .34 |
Abbreviations: CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; IQR, interquartile range.
aChronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic ventilator dependency.
bHuman immunodeficiency virus (0 vs 4 patients), chemotherapy within the previous 6 months (8 vs 11 patients), recent immunosuppression use within the previous 30 days (5 vs 8 patients), solid organ transplantation (3 vs 7 patients), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation within the previous 12 months (3 vs 6 patients) in the carbapenemase-positive and carbapenemase-negative groups, respectively (not mutually exclusive).
cSputum, endotracheal aspirate, pleural fluid, and bronchoalveloar lavage fluid.