Table 1.
Sample characteristics
| Value (N = 308) | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.5 ± 10.15 |
| Male sex | 98.1 |
| Education | |
| Less than high school diploma | 13.6 |
| High school diploma | 33.6 |
| More than high school | 52.8 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 84.1 |
| MHS lives in home | 57.3 |
| MHS relationship to patient | |
| Spouse/partner | 69.2 |
| Adult child | 14.3 |
| Sibling | 5.6 |
| Other family | 5.5 |
| Friend | 5.2 |
| One or more diabetes complications | 22.1 |
| Diabetes medication type | |
| Insulin (with or without oral medication) | 60.4 |
| Oral medications only | 35.7 |
| DDS-2 | 2.2 ± 1.19 |
| IOCQ | 3.9 ± 0.76 |
| 12-month average HbA1c (% [mmol/mol]) | 7.9 ± 1.4 [63] |
Data are mean ± SD or %. DDS-2 scale range is 1–6, with higher scores indicating greater distress. IOCQ scale range is 1–5, with higher scores indicating greater autonomy support. MHS, main health supporter.