Table 1.
Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted characteristics of subjects according to degree of proteinuria
| Degree of proteinuria | P for ANOVA/ ANCOVA |
||||||||
| (−) (N=5103) | (±) (N=851) | (+) (N=198) | (≥2+) (N=34) | ||||||
| n | Mean±SE | n | Mean±SE | n | Mean±SE | n | Mean±SE | ||
| Age (years) | 45.0±0.1 | 44.3±0.3 | 45.0±0.7 | 50.9±1.6 | <0.01 | ||||
| Men (%) | 88.1 | 89.1 | 88.4 | 100.0 | 0.16 | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 5093 | 23.4±0.0 | 847 | 23.4±0.1 | 198 | 24.3±0.2 | 34 | 24.9±0.6 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 5103 | 116.7±0.2 | 851 | 116.4±0.5 | 198 | 117.8±1.0 | 34 | 124.1±2.3 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 5103 | 72.8±0.1 | 851 | 73.2±0.4 | 198 | 74.6±0.7 | 34 | 78.5±1.8 | <0.01 |
| Medication for hypertension (%) | 5103 | 9.4 | 850 | 10.5 | 198 | 19.1 | 33 | 39.7 | <0.01 |
| HbA1c (NGSP) (%) | 5101 | 5.5±0.0 | 849 | 5.6±0.0 | 197 | 5.7±0.0 | 34 | 6.0±0.1 | <0.01 |
| Medication for diabetes mellitus (%) | 5102 | 3.2 | 849 | 3.3 | 198 | 9.1 | 33 | 22.5 | <0.01 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 5101 | 0.8±0.0 | 850 | 0.8±0.0 | 197 | 0.8±0.0 | 34 | 1.5±0.0 | <0.01 |
| Current smoker (%) | 5095 | 70.1 | 849 | 68.5 | 197 | 69.4 | 33 | 65.6 | 0.72 |
| Urine glucose 1+ or more (%) | 5103 | 1.7 | 851 | 2.1 | 198 | 5.0 | 34 | 8.0 | <0.01 |
| Working in a noisy place between 2008 and 2016 (%) | 5103 | 11.3 | 851 | 20.9 | 198 | 11.7 | 34 | 9.4 | <0.01 |
| Patients with hearing impairment at 1 kHz | 5103 | 88 | 851 | 11 | 198 | 5 | 34 | 3 | – |
| Patients with hearing impairment at 4 kHz | 5103 | 227 | 851 | 31 | 198 | 11 | 34 | 8 | – |
| Patients with hearing impairment at 1 kHz and/or 4 kHz | 5103 | 262 | 851 | 38 | 198 | 14 | 34 | 9 | – |
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; ANOVA, analysis of variance; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.