Table 2.
Relationships between degree of proteinuria and hearing impairment
| Prevalence of hearing impairment (%) | ||||
| Age-adjusted, sex-adjusted | Multivariable-adjusted* | |||
| Case/N | Prevalence (%) | Case/N | Prevalence (%) | |
| 30 dB < in 1 kHz and/or 40 dB < in 4 kHz (overall moderate hearing impairment) | ||||
| Proteinuria | ||||
| − | 262/5103 | 5.1 | 262/5090 | 5.2 |
| ± | 38/851 | 4.7 | 38/844 | 4.6 |
| + | 14/198 | 7.0 | 14/197 | 6.8 |
| ≥2+ | 9/34 | 23.7 | 9/33 | 23.5 |
| P for ANCOVA | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| 30 dB < in 1 kHz | ||||
| Proteinuria | ||||
| − | 88/5103 | 1.7 | 88/5090 | 1.7 |
| ± | 11/851 | 1.4 | 11/844 | 1.4 |
| + | 5/198 | 2.5 | 5/197 | 2.5 |
| ≥2+ | 3/34 | 8.1 | 3/33 | 8.2 |
| P for ANCOVA | 0.02 | 0.03 | ||
| 40 dB < in 4 kHz | ||||
| Proteinuria | ||||
| − | 227/5103 | 4.4 | 227/5090 | 4.5 |
| ± | 31/851 | 3.8 | 31/844 | 3.7 |
| + | 11/198 | 5.5 | 11/197 | 5.4 |
| ≥2+ | 8/34 | 21.1 | 8/33 | 21.1 |
| P for ANCOVA | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
*Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (kg/m2), hypertension (yes or no), diabetes mellitus (yes or no), serum creatinine (sex-specific quintile) and history of noisy work environment between 2008 and 2016 (yes or no) for calculation of multivariable-adjusted prevalence of hearing impairment.
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance.