Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Design | Sample size | Age, year mean (SD) |
Male n (%) | Indication for OAC, n | OAC type | Co-APM, n (%) | Duration of OAC interruption |
Mortality in short term n (%) | FU length | No of PL/FUP, n | ||
| Ntotal | Nnr | N r | |||||||||||
| De Vleeschouwer et al
2005 Belgium17 |
P cohort | 108 | 81 | 25 | 72 (12)* | 65 (60) | AF: 56; PHV: 30; DVT/PE: 11; IS/MI: 3; others: 8 |
NR | NR | Median 11 days | 28 (26) | Median 12 months | 2/106 |
| Claassen et al
2008 USA18 |
R cohort | 88 | 25 | 23 | 73 | 27 (56) | AF: 23; PHV: 12; DVT/PE: 10; others: 3 | VKA (warfarin) | NR | Median 10 days | 36 (41) | Mean 43 months | 4/48 |
| Majeed et al
2010 Sweden19 |
R cohort | 234 | 118 | 59 | 75 | 112 (63) | AF: 100; PHV: 28; DVT/PE: 30; others: 17 | VKA (warfarin) | 19 (11) | Median 39 days | 57 (24) | Median 16 months |
NA |
| Yung et al
2012, Canada20 |
P cohort | 284 | 193† | 91‡ | 74 | 156 (55) | AF: 191; PHV: 37 | VKA (warfarin) | 57 (20) | Within 1 month | 128 (45) | 12 months | NA |
| Vidal-Jordana et al
2012, Spain21 |
R cohort | 88 | 14 | 25 | 73 | 21 (54) | AF: 24; PHV: 12; DVT/PE: 3 | VKA | NR | NR | 18 (20) | Mean 55 months | 31/39 |
| Gathier et al
2013 The Netherland22 |
R cohort | 40 | 26 | 12 | 71 | 26 (68) | AF: 18; PHV: 2; DVT/PE: 6; IS/MI: 7; others: 5 |
VKA | NR | Within 2 months | NA | Mean 42 months | 2/38 |
| Teo et al
2014, China23 |
R cohort | 51 | 13 | 7 | 74 (11) | 24 (47) | AF: 36; PHV: 12; DVT/PE: 3 | VKA (warfarin) | 0 (0) | Mean 13 days | 29 (57) | Mean 44 months | NA |
| Kuramatsu et al
2015 Germany24 |
R cohort | 1176 | 547 | 172 | 74 | 449 (62) | AF: 566; PHV: 50; DVT/PE: 64; others: 39 | VKA | 60 (8) | Median 31 days | 364 (31) | 12 months | 93/719 |
| Nielsen et al
2015 Denmark25 |
R cohort | 3436 | 1131 | 621 | 78 | 1081 (62) | AF: 1752 | VKA, NOAC | 579 (33) | Median 34 days§ | 1652 (48) | 12 months | 32/1752 |
| Osaki et al
2015 Japan26 |
P cohort | 53 | 13 | 37 | 73 (9) |
31 (62) | AF: 27; PHV: 1; DVT/PE: 6; IS/MI: 7; others: 4 |
VKA (warfarin) | 12 (24) | Median 2.5–6 days¶ | 2 (4) | 12 months | 3/47 |
| Witt et al
2015 USA27 |
R cohort | 160 | 106 | 54 | 74 | 84 (53) | AF: 49; PHV: 23; DVT/PE: 45; IS/ MI: 20; others: 23 |
VKA (warfarin) | 54 (34) | Median 14 days | 372 (70) | 12 months | 0/160 |
| Mirzayan et al
2015 Germany28 |
R cohort | 49 | 23 | 15 | 71 | 28 (57) | AF: 19; PHV: 12; DVT/PE: 10; IS/MI: 1; others: 7 |
VKA | NR | Mean 124 days | 7 (14) | Mean 39 months | 4/38 |
*Median (IQR).
†Including 98 participants who died in hospital.
‡Including 30 participants who died in hospital.
§Duration of OAC interruption after hospital discharge.
¶Median duration of anticoagulation interruption was 2.5, 4 and 6 days after ICH in 9, 14 and 14 participants who resumed anticoagulant therapy, respectively.
AF, atrial fibrillation; APM, antiplatelet medication; Co-APM, antiplatelet medicine being coprescribed at the time of ICH; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; FU, follow-up; FUP, follow-up participants; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; IS, ischaemic stroke; MI, myocardial infarction; Nnr, number of participants who did not resume anticoagulant therapy or switched to antiplatelet agents; Nr, number of participants who resumed anticoagulant therapy; Ntotal, number of total participants; NA, not applicable; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; NR, not reported; OAC, oral anticoagulant; P, prospective; PE, pulmonary embolism; PHV, prosthetic heart valve; PL, participants lost; R, retrospective; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.