Table 2.
Meta-analysis of factors associated with resuming anticoagulant therapy after anticoagulation-associated ICH
| Factors | No of studies | Included studies (reference no) |
RR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2 (%) |
| Anticoagulation indication | ||||
| PHV versus AF | 8 | 18–22 24 26 27 | 2.52 (1.83 to 3.45) | 71.9 |
| DVT/PE versus AF | 7 | 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.52) | 0.0 |
| IS/MI versus AF | 3 | 22 26 27 | 0.87 (0.56 to 1.36) | 0.0 |
| PHV versus DVT/PE | 7 | 18 19 21 22 24 26 27 | 2.41 (1.90 to 3.04) | 26.6 |
| IS/MI versus PHV | 3 | 22 26 27 | 0.33 (0.08 to 1.37) | 74.7 |
| IS/MI versus DVT/PE | 3 | 22 26 27 | 0.69 (0.32 to 1.52) | 38.2 |
| Location of ICH | ||||
| Lobar versus deep | 6 | 18 20–22 24 27 | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.28) | 0.0 |
| Lobar versus pons/cerebellar | 4 | 18 20 22 24 | 1.01 (0.76 to 1.35) | 0.0 |
| Lobar versus intraventricular | 5 | 18 20 22 24 27 | 1.06 (0.84 to 1.35) | 0.0 |
| Deep versus pons/cerebellar | 4 | 18 20 22 24 | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.30) | 0.0 |
| Deep versus intraventricular | 5 | 18 20 22 24 27 | 1.07 (0.84 to 1.36) | 0.0 |
| Subarachnoid versus ICH* | 2 | 20 27 | 1.65 (1.00 to 2.72) | 49.0 |
| Subarachnoid versus subdural | 2 | 19 27 | 1.20 (0.80 to 1.80) | 0.0 |
| Demographics, comorbidities and baseline characteristics | ||||
| Male versus female | 6 | 18 20–22 24 27 | 1.08 (0.88 to 1.32) | 20.9 |
| With HT versus without | 6 | 18 20–22 24 27 | 1.04 (0.85 to 1.28) | 0.0 |
| With DM versus without | 6 | 18 20–22 24 27 | 0.90 (0.74 to 1.10) | 0.0 |
| With DL versus without | 3 | 20 21 24 | 1.23 (1.02 to 1.49) | 0.0 |
| With CAD versus without | 4 | 18 20 22 24 | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.30) | 1.0 |
| With HF versus without | 3 | 20 24 27 | 1.03 (0.77 to 1.37) | 0.0 |
| With Str/TIA* versus without | 6 | 18–22 24 | 0.98 (0.80 to 1.21) | 15.4 |
| INR >3 versus INR <3 | 2 | 20 27 | 1.69 (0.44 to 6.52) | 96.1 |
| With surgery versus without | 2 | 24 27 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.23) | 0.0 |
| With co-APM versus without | 3 | 20 24 27 | 0.90 (0.56 to 1.45) | 64.0 |
*With history of stroke or TIA.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; co-APM, antiplatelet medicine being coprescribed at the time of ICH; DL, dyslipidaemia; DM, diabetes mellitus; DVT/PE: deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism; HF, heart failure; HT, hypertension; ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; ICH*, intracerebral haemorrhage (including haemorrhage at lobar, deep, pons, cerebellar or intraventricular region); INR, international normalised ratio; IS/MI, ischaemic stroke or myocardial infarction; PHV, prosthetic heart valve; re-AC, resumption of anticoagulant therapy; RR, relative risk; Str/TIA, stroke or transient ischaemic attack.