TABLE II. Serum chemokines, cytokines and growth factors early after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection (Dl to D5) in adult females and males.
| Females (F) n = 29 | Males (M) n = 25 | Score ZIKV/NI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analytes | NI | ZIKV | P(l) | NI | ZIKV | P(2) | P(3) | (F) | (M) |
| CXCL8 | 0.87(0.54-1.67) | 2.26 (1.57-3.26) | 0.0001 | 0.98 (0.70-1.93) | 2.30(1.19-3.11) | 0.0018 | 0.5669 | 2.6 | 2.3 |
| CCL11 | 16.44 (9.29-22.22) | 48.94(30.12-61.91) | 0.0001 | 16.65 (10.62-25.20) | 43.82 (29.11-56.95) | 0.0001 | 0.3488 | 3.0 | 2.6 |
| CCL3 | 0.59 (0.41-0.86) | 1.15 (0.80-1.32) | 0.0001 | 0.65 (0.45-1.13) | 0.89 (0.67-1.07) | 0.0469 | 0.0205 | 1.9 | 1.4 |
| CCL4 | 7.28 (4.56-12.20) | 28.76 (18.76-35.67) | 0.0001 | 5.94 (3.75-9.79) | 20.18 (12.63-26.64) | 0.0001 | 0.0162 | 4.0 | 3.4 |
| CCL2 | 2.08(1.00-4.97) | 20.73 (13.45-34.70) | 0.0001 | 2.46 (1.94-715) | 21.98(11.86-32.34) | 0.0001 | 0.9862 | 10.0 | 8.9 |
| CCL5 | 15.17(11.36-34.98) | 82.77 (64.75-108.00) | 0.0001 | 17.00 (9.83-25.70) | 34.06 (23.66-65.81) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 5.5 | 2.0 |
| CXCL10 | 232 (128-434) | 71,219 (32,899-148,407) | 0.0001 | 218 (109-392) | 44,645 (10,423-69,757) | 0.0001 | 0.1030 | 307 | 205 |
| IL-1β | 0.52 (0.24-0.96) | 0.93 (0.56-1.19) | 0.0176 | 0.52 (0.29-1.00) | 0.77(0.61-1.14) | 0.1511 | 0.5374 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
| IL-6 | 0.29 (0.20-0.57) | 0.79 (0.63-1.00) | 0.0001 | 0.28 (0.21-0.55) | 0.81 (0.52-1.73) | 0.0001 | 0.1944 | 2.7 | 2.9 |
| TNF-α | 9.76 (6.10-20.20) | 35.87 (25.45-44.08) | 0.0001 | 10.08 (6.45-22.62) | 26.93(15.02-41.84) | 0.0015 | 0.1101 | 3.7 | 2.7 |
| IL-12 | 1.26 (0.51-2.30) | 0.63 (0.22-1.66) | 0.0554 | 1.39 (0.96-2.17) | 0.34 (0.09-1.08) | 0.0001 | 0.1895 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| IFN-γ | 14.97 (9.63-24.54) | 31.91 (26.39-38.65) | 0.0001 | 19.79 (14.14-2731) | 26.41 (23.61-35.97) | 0.0035 | 0.4283 | 2.1 | 1.3 |
| IL-17 | 3.84 (2.21-753) | 7.88 (6.28-9.02) | 0.0001 | 3.57 (2.50-6.76) | 5.96 (4.41-715) | 0.0114 | 0.0092 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
| IL-1Ra | 11.81 (781-28.66) | 47.00 (34.03-65.59) | 0.0001 | 12.33 (8.95-36.13) | 54.94 (30.77-115.10) | 0.0001 | 0.3623 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| IL-4 | 0.27(0.20-0.39) | 0.81 (0.59-0.86) | 0.0001 | 0.26 (0.17-0.41) | 0.73 (0.53-0.90) | 0.0001 | 0.6890 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
| IL-5 | 3.16 (1.67-5.02) | 1.50(0.40-1.61) | 0.0001 | 4.70 (2.00-5.35) | 1.38(1.07-1.61) | 0.0001 | 0.5792 | 0.5 | 0.3 |
| IL-9 | 2.21 (1.19-4.11) | 3.10 (1.69-5.72) | 0.0783 | 2.62 (1.59-4.69) | 1.42 (1.18-3.83) | 0.0837 | 0.0518 | 1.4 | 0.5 |
| IL-10 | 1.73 (0.75-3.39) | 2.11 (1.65-3.22) | 0.1046 | 1.95 (1.51-3.02) | 2.25 (1.52-3.41) | 0.5478 | 0.9571 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| IL-13 | 0.75(0.37-1.34) | 0.48 (0.22-0.57) | 0.0135 | 0.98 (0.80-1.57) | 0.57(0.37-0.57) | 0.0001 | 0.3634 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| FGF-basic | 1.84(1.01-3.14) | 4.34 (3.71-5.27) | 0.0001 | 2.24 (1.28-3.73) | 3.24 (2.13-4.24) | 0.0468 | 0.0014 | 2.4 | 1.4 |
| PDGF | 359 (125-585) | 1,012 (616-1,933) | 0.0001 | 258 (196-403) | 823 (416-1,578) | 0.0001 | 0.3670 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
| VEGF | 2.87(1.78-6.29) | 6.72 (4.18-16.33) | 0.0001 | 3.70 (2.17-4.97) | 6.26 (3.66-15.21) | 0.0005 | 0.5668 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
| G-CSF | 1.86 (1.04-2.86) | 5.96 (4.43-8.05) | 0.0001 | 1.83 (1.19-3.29) | 4.94 (3.42-766) | 0.0001 | 0.2400 | 3.2 | 2.7 |
| GM-CSF | 0.87(0.52-2.00) | 3.76 (3.03-4.64) | 0.0001 | 1.35 (0.54-2.16) | 2.88(1.73-3.91) | 0.0003 | 0.0256 | 4.4 | 2.1 |
Data are reported as median levels (IQR) in pg/mL. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney test and significance reported as p-values: p(l), p(2), and p(3) for comparisons between non-infected (NI) vs. ZIKV females, NI vs. ZIKV males and ZIKV females vs. ZIKV males, respectively. Significant differences between NI vs. ZIKV are underscored in bold format. Differences between ZIKV females vs. ZIKV males are highlighted by bold-underlined format. No significant differences were observed between NI females vs. NI males. Score represents the fold change (analyte median value in infected patient divided by analyte median value in controls) segregated by gender.