Table 4.
Levels of performance in baseline and at the end of treatment phases.
| Primary study | Meta-analysis participant no. | Treatment target | Treated items |
Untreated items |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean of last three treatments | First follow-up value | Mean of last three treatments | First follow-up value | |||
| Wambaugh, Kalinyak-Fliszar, et al. (1998) | 1 | /z/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 63.33 | 70 | 83.33 | 70 |
| 1 | /ʃ/-final one- and two-syllable words | 53.33 | 10 | 50.00 | 10 | |
| 1 | /ʤ/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 93.33 | 90 | 73.33 | 70 | |
| 2 | /ʃ/-final one- and two-syllable words | 90.00 | 100 | 86.67 | 100 | |
| 2 | /r/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 83.33 | 80 | 80.00 | 90 | |
| 2 | /sw/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 83.33 | 70 | 86.67 | 90 | |
| 3 | /ʧ/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 83.33 | 60 | 80.00 | 40 | |
| 3 | /ʃ/-final one- and two-syllable words | 50.00 | 20 | 50.00 | 10 | |
| 3 | /z/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 76.67 | 100 | 93.33 | 80 | |
| Wambaugh, West, et al. (1998) | 4 | Stops, all positions, three- to five-word sentences | 94.67 | 94 | 82.00 | 80 |
| 4 | Fricatives, all positions, three- to five-word sentences | 90.33 | 94 | 82.00 | 87 | |
| 4 | Glides/liquids, all positions, three- to five-word sentences | 96.33 | 92 | 87.00 | 89 | |
| Wambaugh & Cort (1998) | 5 | /b/-initial one-syllable words | 90.00 | — | 80.00 | — |
| 5 | /ʤ/-initial one-syllable words | 80.00 | — | 93.33 | — | |
| 5 | /d/-initial one-syllable words | 83.33 | — | 83.33 | — | |
| 5 | /g/-initial one-syllable words | 76.67 | — | 83.33 | — | |
| Wambaugh et al. (1999) | 6 | /p/-initial one-syllable words | 93.33 | 100 | 90.00 | 90 |
| 6 | /k/-initial one-syllable words | 46.67 | 90 | 33.33 | 90 | |
| 6 | /ʃ/-initial one-syllable words | 20.00 | 40 | 23.33 | 20 | |
| Wambaugh (2004) | 7 | /v/-initial one- and two-syllable words | 93.33 | 100 | 93.33 | 100 |
| 7 | /r/-blends–initial one- and two-syllable words | 93.33 | 80 | 53.33 | 50 | |
| 8 | /ʃ/-syllable–final one-syllable words in two-word phrases | 100.00 | 100 | 80.00 | 100 | |
| 8 | /z/-syllable–initial one- and two-syllable words in two-word phrases | 85.33 | 89 | 70.00 | 36 | |
| Wambaugh & Nessler (2004) | 9 | /s/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 96.00 | 100 | — | — |
| 9 | /p/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 100.00 | 75 | — | — | |
| 9 | /v/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 37.67 | 13 | — | — | |
| 9 | /k/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 79.67 | 100 | — | — | |
| 9 | /ʃ/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 42.00 | 100 | — | — | |
| 9 | /ʤ/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 0.00 | 88 | — | — | |
| 9 | /l/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 92.00 | 100 | — | — | |
| 9 | /m/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 96.00 | 63 | — | — | |
| 9 | /n/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 100.00 | 100 | — | — | |
| Wambaugh & Mauszycki (2010) | 10 | /b/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 54.67 | 100 | 60.00 | 100 |
| 10 | /s/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 21.00 | 75 | 53.33 | 60 | |
| 10 | /l/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 91.67 | 100 | 60.00 | 80 | |
| 10 | /m/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 87.67 | 50 | 66.67 | 0 | |
| 10 | /d/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 42.00 | 38 | 33.33 | 0 | |
| 10 | /f/-initial one-syllable CV(C) words | 100.00 | 88 | 93.33 | 100 | |
| Wambaugh et al. (2013) | 11 | /s/-initial four-syllable words (IB) | 53.33 | 50 | 33.33 | 50 |
| 11 | /ɪ/- and /ɛ/-initial three-syllable words (IR) | 71.67 | 95 | 33.33 | 60 | |
| 11 | /r/-initial four-syllable words (TR) | 56.67 | 60 | 20.00 | 70 | |
| 11 | /ɑ/-, /æ/-, /i/-, or /o/-initial three-syllable words (TB) | 81.67 | 85 | 36.67 | 50 | |
| 12 | /θ/-initial or final two-syllable words (IR) | 75.00 | 60 | 40.00 | 70 | |
| 12 | /ʃ/-initial or final two-syllable words (IB) | 85.00 | 70 | 33.33 | 30 | |
| 12 | /z/-initial or final two-syllable words (TB) | 83.33 | 55 | 23.33 | 20 | |
| 12 | /ʤ/-initial or final two-syllable words (TR) | 71.67 | 100 | 36.67 | 10 | |
| 13 | /sw/-initial one-syllable or /θ/-final two-syllable words (TR) | 31.67 | 15 | 1.67 | 0 | |
| 13 | /sm/-initial one-syllable or /ʃ/-final two-syllable words (TB) | 55.00 | 10 | 13.33 | 0 | |
| 13 | /bl/-initial one-syllable or /z/-final two-syllable words (IB) | 55.00 | 25 | 10.00 | 20 | |
| 13 | /fl/-initial one-syllable or /ʤ/-final two-syllable words (IR) | 48.33 | 10 | 23.33 | 10 | |
| 14 | /θ/- or /br/-initial three-syllable words (TB) | 45.00 | 25 | 20.00 | 20 | |
| 14 | /z/- or /gl/-initial three-syllable words (TR) | 58.33 | 25 | 30.00 | 20 | |
| 14 | /st/- or /t/-initial three-syllable words (IR) | 33.33 | 15 | 26.67 | 20 | |
| 14 | /ʃ/- or /sk/-initial three-syllable words (IB) | 56.67 | 35 | 30.00 | 30 | |
| Wambaugh et al. (2014) | 15 | /pr/-initial three-syllable words | 46.67 | 30 | 33.33 | 0 |
| 15 | /ks/-medial three-syllable words | 50.00 | 50 | 26.67 | 40 | |
| 15 | /gl/-initial three-syllable words | 66.67 | 40 | 13.33 | 0 | |
| 15 | /nd/-medial three-syllable words | 63.33 | 50 | 20.00 | 40 | |
| 16 | /z/-final one-syllable words | 83.33 | 70 | 46.67 | 20 | |
| 16 | /st/-initial one-syllable words | 83.33 | 0 | 86.67 | 0 | |
| 16 | /f/-final one-syllable words | 93.33 | 70 | 86.67 | 80 | |
| 16 | /gl/-initial one-syllable words | 76.67 | 90 | 66.67 | 60 | |
| 17 | /ʤ/-initial one-syllable words | 93.33 | 80 | 80.00 | 80 | |
| 17 | /sm/-initial one-syllable words | 100.00 | 100 | 100.00 | 60 | |
| 17 | /θ/-initial one-syllable words | 96.67 | 70 | 80.00 | 20 | |
| 17 | /gl/-initial one-syllable words | 66.67 | 50 | 60.00 | 80 | |
| 18 | /f/-final one-syllable words | 96.67 | 60 | 100.00 | 40 | |
| 18 | /sm/-initial one-syllable words | 96.67 | 90 | 100.00 | 100 | |
| 18 | /bl/-initial one-syllable words | 70.00 | 90 | 93.33 | 40 | |
| 18 | /p/-final one-syllable words | 96.67 | 100 | 86.67 | 80 | |
| 19 | /gl/-initial two-syllable words | 83.33 | 70 | 73.33 | 80 | |
| 19 | /kw/-medial two-syllable words | 100.00 | 90 | 40.00 | 40 | |
| 19 | /θr/-initial two-syllable words | 93.33 | 100 | 93.33 | 100 | |
| 19 | /st/-medial two-syllable words | 96.67 | 100 | 100.00 | 60 | |
| 20 | /θr/-initial two-syllable words | 93.33 | 70 | 93.33 | 60 | |
| 20 | /gl/-initial two-syllable words | 96.67 | 40 | 66.67 | 40 | |
| 20 | /sn/-initial three-syllable words | 63.33 | 50 | 73.33 | 40 | |
| 20 | /kw/-initial three-syllable words | 70.00 | 30 | 80.00 | 100 | |
| Wambaugh et al. (in press) | 21 | /θ/-medial three- and four-syllable words (B) | 80.00 | 80 | 44.33 | 100 |
| 21 | /s/-blends initial three- and four-syllable words (B) | 40.00 | 60 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| 21 | /br/-initial or medial three- and four-syllable words (R) | 66.67 | 80 | 33.00 | 33 | |
| 21 | /l/-medial three- and four-syllable words (R) | 93.33 | 80 | 22.00 | 33 | |
| 22 | /st/-initial four- and five-syllable words (R) | 73.33 | 100 | 78.00 | 33 | |
| 22 | /tr/-medial four- and five-syllable words (R) | 100.00 | 100 | 11.00 | 33 | |
| 22 | /θ/-medial four- and five-syllable words (B) | 86.67 | 80 | 86.67 | 80 | |
| 22 | /fl/-initial and medial four- and five-syllable words (B) | 66.67 | 80 | 44.33 | 67 | |
| 23 | /st/-initial three- and four-syllable words (B) | 73.33 | 80 | 33.33 | 33 | |
| 23 | /ʤ/-medial three- and four-syllable words (B) | 53.33 | 20 | 55.67 | 67 | |
| 23 | /gl/-initial three- and four-syllable words (R) | 73.33 | 80 | 22.00 | 0 | |
| 23 | /θ/-medial three- and four-syllable words (R) | 93.33 | 100 | 33.33 | 33 | |
| 24 | /kw/-medial four-syllable words (R) | 93.33 | 60 | 22.00 | 33 | |
| 24 | /br/-medial four-syllable words (R) | 100.00 | 20 | 0.00 | 33 | |
| 24 | /fl/-medial four-syllable words (B) | 93.33 | 100 | 22.00 | 0 | |
| 24 | /sp/-medial four-syllable words (B) | 86.67 | 40 | 22.00 | 33 | |
Note. Em dashes indicate necessary phase data not collected in the original study. CV(C) = consonant–vowel or consonant–vowel–consonant syllable structure; IB = intense blocked; TR = traditional random; IR = intense random; TB = traditional blocked; B = blocked; R = random.