Table 2.
Experimental studies of Lactobacillus in cervical cancer
| Number | Year | Authors | Experimental animal and cell model | Subgenera of Lactobacillus | Methods | Diseases | Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2017 | Wang et al | CaSki cells | L. crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri | MTT assay, flow cytometry, and PCR | Cervical cancer | Supernatants of L. crispatus, L. jensenii, and L. gasseri have inhibitory effects on the viability of cervical cancer cells via regulation of HPV oncogenes and cell cycle-related genes | 43 |
| 2 | 2017 | Li et al | HeLa and U14 cell lines and Xenograft mouse | Lactobacilli | CCK-8, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry | Cervical cancer | Lactobacilli inhibit the migratory ability of cervical cancer cell lines and the upregulation of E-cadherin may be involved in the molecule mechanism | 58 |
| 3 | 2017 | Sungur et al | Women, cervical cancer cell and Caco-2 cell lines | L. gasseri strains | HPLC, WST-1 cell proliferation assay, ELISA, and PCR | Cervical cancer | EPSs of L. gasseri strains isolated from human vagina induce apoptosis in HeLa cells by associating with an upregulation of Bax and Caspase 3 | 44 |
| 4 | 2017 | Jang et al | Th17 cells and HeLa cell lines | Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (L1) and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 (L2) | Enzyme-linked immunospot assay, immunoblotting, PCR, and flow cytometry | Cervical cancer | Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (L1) and Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 (L2) inhibited the adherence of Gardnerella vaginalis to cervical cancer cells | 59 |
| 5 | 2016 | Nouri et al | HeLa cell lines | LRS and LCS | MTT assay and PCR | Cervical cancer | LRS and LCS have antimetastatic and antiproliferative activities on HeLa cell lines | 60 |
| 6 | 2016 | Motevaseli et al | HeLa cells | L. crispatus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus | PCR | Cervical cancer | L. crispatus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus culture supernatants can decrease the expression of ATG14 and BECN1 as well as the HPV E6 oncogene in HeLa cells | 61 |
| 7 | 2015 | Kim et al | CaSki and HeLa cell lines | Lactobacillus casei | Flow cytometry | Cervical cancer | Lactobacillus casei extract cannot inhibit the viability of cervical cancer cells or the growth of cancer cells in the presence of anticancer drugs in vitro | 62 |
| 8 | 2014 | Nami et al | Women; HeLa cell lines and HUVEC normal cells | Lactobacillus plantarum | 16S rDNA gene sequencing, disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility test, MTT assay, DAPI staining method, and flow cytometry | Cervical cancer | Lactobacillus plantarum 5BL, which is isolated from vaginal secretions of adolescent and young adult women, exhibits desirable probiotic properties and remarkable anticancer activity against the HeLa cell lines with no significant cytotoxic effects on HUVEC normal cells | 63 |
| 9 | 2013 | Motevaseli et al | Human normal fibroblast- like cervical (normal cervical) and HeLa (cervical tumor) cells | L. gasseri and L. crispatus | MTT assay, Trypan blue staining, lactate dehydrogenase assay, colorimetric caspase-3 activity assay, and PCR | Cervical cancer | L. gasseri and L. crispatus exert cytotoxic effects on cervical tumor cells and this cytotoxicity is independent of pH and lactate | 64 |
| 10 | 2013 | Ribelles et al | Mice, inbred C57BL | Lactococcus lactis and L. casei | Cell surface display techniques | Cervical cancer | E7-expressing LAB, as a mucosal live vaccine, protects against HPV-type 16-induced tumors in mice | 65 |
| 11 | 2010 | Lee et al | Mice | L. casei | Enzyme-linked immunospot assay | Cervical cancer | Oral L. casei bearing the surface-displayed E6 protein induces T-cell-mediated cellular immunity and antitumor effects in mice | 22 |
| 12 | 2010 | Adachi et al | C57BL/6 mice | L. casei | Flow cytometry | Cervical cancer | L. casei-PgsA-E7 (HPV-type 16 E7 protein displayed on lactobacillus) can improve T cells with specific mucosal E7-type1 immune responses and induce mucosal cytotoxic cellular immune responses | 66 |
| 13 | 2006 | Poo et al | Mice | L. casei | Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy | Cervical cancer | Oral administration of L. casei-PgsA-E7(HPV-type 16 E7 protein displayed on lactobacillus) induces E7- specific antitumor effects in C57/BL6 mice | 67 |
| 14 | 2006 | Aires et al | Mice | L. casei | Western blotting, electron microscopy analysis, immunofluorescence, immunosorbent assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | Cervical cancer | HPV-type 16 L1 virus-like particles by recombinant L. casei cells are the promising vaccine against HPV- 16 infection | 68 |
| 15 | 1999 | McNicol et al | CaSki carcinoma cell line | Lactobacillus acidophilus | PCR and quantitative culture | CIN; HPV 16 infection | Isolation of Lactobacillus sp (P=0.05) is associated with low-grade CIN or normal histology | 69 |
Notes: Cancer cell and animal models and molecular biology techniques were used to study the role of Lactobacillus and several of its subgenera in cervical cancer. Lactobacillus, several subgenera, and their supernatants had antimetastatic and antiproliferative effects in cervical cancer cell lines by regulating cancer-related genes and eliciting an immunological response.
Abbreviations: DAPI, 14′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; EPSs, exopolysaccharides; HPV, human papillomavirus; L. casei, Lactobacillus casei; L. crispatus, Lactobacillus crispatus; L. gasseri, Lactobacillus gasseri; L. jensenii, Lactobacillus jensenii; LAB, lactic acid bacteria; LCS, L. crispatus supernatant; LRS, Lactobacillus rhamnosus supernatant.