Table 2.
Healthcare Provider Advice Relative to 2009 Institute of Medicine Recommendations by Maternal Demographic Characteristics
| Advice started below recommendation | IOM consistent | Advice ended above recommendation | Advice not remembered | Advice not received | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % (SE)a | % (SE)a | % (SE)a | % (SE)a | % (SE)a | p |
| Total | 15.5 (0.8) | 26.3 (0.9) | 18.3 (0.8) | 13.9 (0.8) | 26.0 (0.9) | |
| Prepregnancy body mass index | ||||||
| Underweight | 22.3 (4.0) | 37.9 (4.4) | 1.9 (0.8) | 13.9 (3.0) | 24.0 (4.4) | 0.000 |
| Normal weight | 24.0 (1.3) | 29.0 (1.2) | 8.9 (0.8) | 12.8 (1.0) | 25.3 (1.2) | |
| Overweight | 4.9 (1.1) | 18.1 (1.5) | 34.0 (2.1) | 14.8 (1.6) | 28.2 (2.0) | |
| Obese | 5.2 (1.2) | 26.9 (2.2) | 26.9 (2.2) | 15.4 (2.0) | 25.6 (2.2) | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Younger than 19 | 20.6 (3.0) | 21.6 (2.4) | 23.1 (3.2) | 15.9 (2.2) | 18.9 (2.3) | 0.036 |
| 20–24 | 16.1 (1.8) | 23.5 (1.8) | 19.5 (1.7) | 13.4 (1.6) | 27.5 (2.2) | |
| 25–29 | 15.9 (1.5) | 27.2 (1.5) | 17.6 (1.4) | 14.8 (1.5) | 24.6 (1.6) | |
| 30 or older | 13.8 (1.2) | 28.4 (1.5) | 17.0 (1.3) | 13.0 (1.2) | 27.8 (1.5) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 15.4 (1.0) | 28.3 (1.0) | 17.9 (0.9) | 11.0 (0.8) | 27.3 (1.1) | 0.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 15.6 (2.8) | 18.7 (3.0) | 22.2 (3.2) | 19.3 (2.9) | 24.2 (3.2) | |
| Hispanic | 16.2 (1.9) | 26.7 (2.0) | 16.7 (1.8) | 18.7 (2.1) | 21.6 (2.0) | |
| Other | 15.8 (3.5) | 20.7 (3.2) | 16.2 (3.2) | 20.4 (4.0) | 26.9 (4.3) | |
| Education (years) | ||||||
| Less than 12 | 14.1 (2.1) | 20.1 (1.9) | 17.0 (2.2) | 22.6 (2.6) | 26.3 (2.7) | 0.000 |
| 12 | 15.9 (1.8) | 21.5 (1.7) | 17.4 (1.7) | 15.8 (1.7) | 29.3 (2.2) | |
| More than 12 | 15.7 (1.0) | 29.6 (1.1) | 18.9 (1.0) | 11.2 (0.9) | 24.7 (1.1) | |
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 16.6 (1.3) | 29.4 (1.4) | 22.6 (1.4) | 11.9 (1.1) | 19.6 (1.3) | 0.000 |
| 1 or more | 14.8 (1.0) | 24.3 (1.1) | 15.5 (1.0) | 15.2 (1.1) | 30.2 (1.2) | |
| WIC enrollment | ||||||
| Yes | 16.2 (1.3) | 23.1 (1.3) | 18.3 (1.3) | 17.8 (1.4) | 24.6 (1.5) | 0.000 |
| No | 15.0 (1.0) | 29.0 (1.1) | 18.3 (1.0) | 10.5 (0.8) | 27.3 (1.1) | |
| Smoking status during pregnancy | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | 15.2 (0.9) | 26.7 (1.0) | 17.4 (0.9) | 14.4 (0.9) | 26.3 (1.0) | 0.001 |
| Quitter | 16.4 (2.7) | 29.3 (2.8) | 24.9 (2.9) | 12.4 (2.2) | 17.0 (2.3) | |
| Smoker | 17.4 (2.9) | 19.6 (2.6) | 17.9 (2.7) | 11.1 (2.3) | 34.1 (3.7) | |
| First trimester prenatal care | ||||||
| Yes | 15.8 (0.9) | 27.3 (1.0) | 18.4 (0.9) | 13.2 (0.8) | 25.3 (1.0) | 0.003 |
| No | 14.1 (1.9) | 19.7 (1.9) | 17.4 (2.2) | 18.2 (2.3) | 30.6 (2.4) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | 14.5 (0.9) | 28.5 (1.0) | 18.5 (0.9) | 11.9 (0.8) | 26.5 (1.0) | 0.000 |
| Nonmarried | 17.7 (1.7) | 21.6 (1.6) | 17.8 (1.6) | 18.1 (1.7) | 24.9 (1.9) | |
| Hypertensive conditions | ||||||
| Yes | 10.1 (2.0) | 27.0 (2.8) | 20.8 (2.5) | 18.4 (2.8) | 23.7 (2.7) | 0.028 |
| No | 16.3 (0.9) | 26.2 (0.9) | 17.9 (0.9) | 13.3 (0.8) | 26.3 (1.0) | |
| Diabetic disease | ||||||
| Yes | 13.4 (2.5) | 21.7 (2.9) | 18.8 (3.0) | 17.9 (3.0) | 28.1 (3.6) | 0.337 |
| No | 15.8 (0.9) | 26.7 (0.9) | 18.2 (0.8) | 13.5 (0.8) | 25.8 (0.9) | |
a
Based on weighted data.
Percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.