Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics and Correlations of the Study Variables

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
1. W1 Physical punishment	–
2. W1 Guilt induction	.37***	–
3. W1 Inhibitory control	−.25**	−.11	–
4. W1 Acculturation	.02	.002	.10	–
5. W1 Enculturation	.21**	.17*	−.01	.13	–
6. W1 Child age	.05	.17*	.09	−.02	−.18*	–
7. W1 Child gender	−.01	.004	.10	−.02	.08	−.02	–
8. W1 Maternal education	−.02	−.19*	.02	.36***	−.01	.05	.06	–
9. W1 Prosocial	.08	.18*	.25**	−.02	.04	.08	.20*	−.02	–
10. W1 Internalizing	−.11	−.09	−.08	−.12	−.09	−.02	.01	−.14	−.36***	–
11. W1 Externalizing	.03	−.08	−.36***	−.05	.01	−.23**	−.15	.01	−.39***	.34***	–
12. W2 Physical punishment	.63***	.48***	−.20**	−.01	.16*	.08	−.03	−.12	.04	−.18*	.02	–
13. W2 Guilt induction	.29***	.70***	−.14	−.04	.20**	.22**	.02	−.06	.20*	−.13	−.08	.43***	–
14. W2 Prosocial	.13	.15*	.06	−.05	.12	.04	.07	−.01	.29**	−.12	.01	.10	.15*	–
15. W2 Internalizing	.08	−.17**	−.19*	.01	−.21*	−.13	−.11	−.09	−.26*	.20*	.05	.02	−.15*	−.35**	–
16. W2 Externalizing	.18*	−.01	−.39***	.08	−.11	−.08	−.18*	.01	−.27**	.15	.36***	.06	−.03	−.21**	.43***	–
Mean	1.74	1.89	4.82	3.00	3.71	4.56	0.50	6.58	7.54	1.18	1.57	1.66	1.96	6.27	1.12	1.67
SD	0.53	0.68	0.89	0.65	0.56	0.97	0.50	0.72	2.31	1.19	1.65	0.50	0.68	1.86	1.22	1.63

Note.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.